Improving Effectiveness and Satisfaction of an
Electronic Charting System in Taiwan
Hsiao-Yen Hsieh, DNP, RN n Richard Henker, PhD, RN, CRNA, FAAN n Dianxu Ren, MD, PhD n
Wan-Yi Chien, BSN, RN n Jia-Ping Chang, MSN, RN n Lifan Chen, MSN, RN n
Patricia K. Tuite, PhD, RN, CCNS
Purpose/Objectives:
An efficient but comprehensive documentation system is
essential for reducing nursing workload and ensuring
adequate time for direct patient care. A ‘‘focus’’ is a nursing
diagnosis or patient problem. The purpose of this project is to
review and revise the focuses in the electronic charting system
and to develop new focuses for documentation of clinical
pathways. In addition, this project evaluated the impact of
these changes on time required for documentation and
nurse satisfaction.
Background/Rationale:
In 2012, a large hospital in Taiwan implemented a
self-developed electronic charting system that had
217 focuses in the database. Staff reported low job satisfaction
and too much time on documentation. Three major issues
were identified, including repetitious and redundant documentation,
incorrect templates, and an incomprehensive database.
Description:
A clinical nurse specialist devised quality improvement project
was implemented on one 50-bed surgical unit. Forty-one
focuses were revised and 13 new focuses were developed for
clinical pathways. The implementation of new focus templates
enhanced evidence-based practice and prevented redundant
documentation. Focus templates also incorporated nursing
policies and/or patient education materials. Two outcome
indicators, time spent documenting and nurse satisfaction,
were evaluated 3 months after implementation.
Outcomes:
Documentation time decreased by 60% (from 138.5 to 55.8 hours)
per week. The median documentation time per patient per day
decreased from 18.4 minutes to 9.3 minutes. Average scores for
satisfaction in usability, content, functionality, and effectiveness
were increased.
Conclusion:
Evidence-based focus templates used for documentation can
reduce documentation time and increase nurse satisfaction.
Clinical nurse specialists play an important role in leading the
development of quality improvement projects while improving
work efficiency.
KEY WORDS:
clinical pathway, electronic nursing documentation, focus
charting, satisfaction, time documentation
A
n accurate patient record is essential for ensuring
clear documentation of the patient assessment and
progress related to the implementation of care, pa-
tient safety, and interdisciplinary communication. There
are many nursing documentation frameworks that have
been used for progress notes. Focus charting is one of
the nursing documentation frameworks, which is similar
to the ‘‘SOAP’’ note framework, and has been used inter-
nationally.
1Y3
In the focus charting system, the ‘‘focus’’ is
a nursing diagnosis that defines patient problems by sys-
tematic assessment, and the process of care documented
by the structure of data, action, response, and teaching
(DAR or DART).
1,2
Focus charting is easily incorporated in-
to the existing nursing process and helps to improve the
standard of patient care and documentation.
2
Compared with paper-based records, electronic health
records provide a more comprehensive patient assessment
and improve the quality of documentation structure.
4
Whether the use of electronic record can improve patient
Author Affiliations: Clinical Nurse Specialist and Head Nurse (Dr Hsieh);
Professional Registered Nurse (Ms Chien); Associate Director (Ms Chang);
and Director (Ms Chen), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan,
Taiwan ROC; Professor, Department of Anesthesia (Dr Henker); Associate
Professor, Center for Nursing Research (Dr Ren); Assistant Professor, Acute
and Tertiary Care Department, and Coordinator, Adult-Gero Clinical Nurse
Specialist Area of Concentration (Dr Tuite), School of Nursing, University of
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
This research wad funded by National Cheng Kung University Hospital.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Correspondence: Hsiao-Yen Hsieh, DNP, RN, No. 138 Sheng Li Rd,
Tainan, Taiwan 704, ROC (yan73921@hotmail.com).
DOI: 10.1097/NUR.0000000000000250
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