Open Journal of Depression, 2023, 12, 23-40
https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojd
ISSN Online: 2169-9674
ISSN Print: 2169-9658
DOI: 10.4236/ojd.2023.123003 Aug. 15, 2023 23 Open Journal of Depression
Phytochemical Analysis of Selected Medicinal
Plants Used in Management of Anxiety and
Depressive Disorders in Goma City, Democratic
Republic of the Congo
Samuel Kule Kyolo
1
, Godfrey S. Bbosa
1
, Noeline Nakasujja
2
, Norah Mwebaza
1
,
Zacharie Tsongo Kibendelwa
3
, John Odda
1
, Esther Katuura
4
1
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mekerere University,
Kampala, Uganda
2
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Human Medicine, University of Goma (UNIGOM), Democratic Republic of the
Congo
4
Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences,
Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Abstract
Background: Latex of Euphorbia abyssinica (J. F. Gmel) (EA) and leaves of
Cleome gynandra L.(CG), Conyza symatrensis (Retz) E. Walker (CS) and
Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don (EC) are medicinal plant materials (MPMs)
commonly used in treatment of mental illnesses (MIs) in folk medicine of
Goma city, in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). However, there is
still limited information on phytochemical contents of these MPMs. Objec-
tive: To screen phytochemicals of the commonly used MPMs and to deter-
mine total contents of those with reported anxiolytic and anti-depressive ac-
tivities. Methods: Phytochemical analysis involving both qualitative and
quantitative aspects was carried out in Goma city in DRC and at Makerere
University in Uganda from February to June 2022. Medicinal plant materials
were extracted by methanol 90%, diethyl ether and water for eight hours rep-
licated three times. Various qualitative tests were used in phytochemicals
screening using Throth, Dragendroff, Borntrager, Salkowski, Nitric Acid,
Ferric Chloride, Translucent Spot, for detecting saponins, alkaloids, carbohy-
drates, phytosterols, amino-acid, phenols and fatty acid respectively. Total
contents of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and phytosteroids were determined
using Folin Ciocalteau, aluminium chloride, bromocresol green-complex as-
say, Liberman-Burchard methods respectively. Results: Various phytochem-
How to cite this paper: Kyolo, S. K., Bbo-
sa, G. S., Nakasujja, N., Mwebaza, N., Ki-
bendelwa, Z. T., Odda, J., & Katuura, E.
(2023). Phytochemical Analysis of Selected
Medicinal Plants Used in Management of
Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Goma
City, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Open Journal of Depression, 12, 23-40.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojd.2023.123003
Received: June 25, 2023
Accepted: August 12, 2023
Published: August 15, 2023
Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access