Research Article Histomorphometric Evaluation of Superovulation Effect on Follicular Development after Autologous Ovarian Transplantation in Mice Amin Tamadon, 1 Alireza Raayat Jahromi, 2 Farhad Rahmanifar, 3 Mohammad Ayaseh, 2 Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi, 4 and Reza Moghiminasr 5 1 Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 1731-71345, Shiraz, Iran 3 Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 1731-71345, Shiraz, Iran 4 Laboratory Animal Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 5 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Alireza Raayat Jahromi; raayat@shirazu.ac.ir and Farhad Rahmanifar; rahmanifar@shirazu.ac.ir Received 14 September 2015; Revised 8 November 2015; Accepted 10 November 2015 Academic Editor: Sumanta Nandi Copyright © 2015 Amin Tamadon et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Te efect of superovulation by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on autologous transplanted ovaries in the lumbar muscles of mice was histomorphometrically evaluated using the indices of number and volume of diferent kind of follicles and volume of corpora lutea, ovary, and stroma. Angiogenesis was observed afer mouse ovarian transplantation on days 14 and 21 afer ovarian grafing. Afer transplantation, the total number and volume of primary and secondary follicles reduced, while PMSG superovulation increased the total number and total volume of tertiary follicles and also the ovarian volume afer transplantation. Transplantation increased the average size of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. Terefore, primary and secondary follicles can survive afer autologous transplantation but their reservations diminished by increasing the time of transplantation. However, number of tertiary follicles and their response to superovulation increased over time afer transplantation. 1. Introduction Ovary transplantation is a method for preservation of endan- gered and valuable species [1]. On the other hand, ovarian transplantation has the potential application for maintaining the fertility afer chemotherapy and radiotherapy in women [2]. As a result of the ovarian transplantation, the possible depletion of follicle reserve and limitation of fertility restora- tion exist [3]. Te major concern in grafing is that the graf survival is completely dependent on the establishment of neovascularization [4]. A number of follicles may be lost because of hypoxia and ischemia. For evaluation of the efect of ischemia afer ovarian transplantation, whole or piece of small ovaries of laboratory rodents can be used [5]. To prevent ischemia and increase the rate of angiogenesis, surgery must be rapid and the ovarian tissue should be placed in a highly vascular tissue [6]. It is shown that ischemia may cause disappearance of 50% or even greater percentage of primary follicles and almost all of the growing follicles 3 to 7 days afer transplantation and before development of angiogenesis [7]. Steroidogenesis, proliferation, and diferentiation of fol- licular granulosa cells of growing preovulatory stages of ovarian follicles are induced by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). However, primordial follicles’ initial development is FSH independent [8], but FSH acts as survival factor in serum-free ovarian cortical tissue culture and during primor- dial follicular transition to primary and secondary follicles [9]. In addition, coordination of germ line and somatic compartments of follicle development in mouse is done by FSH [10]. FSH action in adult mouse can be induced using Hindawi Publishing Corporation Veterinary Medicine International Volume 2015, Article ID 236436, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/236436