Physica B xxx (xxxx) xxx Please cite this article as: Arslan Shaukat, Physica B, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2020.412570 Available online 1 December 2020 0921-4526/© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Synthesis cum characterization of MgO and MnO nanoparticles and their assessment as antidiabetic and antioxidative agents in diabetic rat model Arslan Shaukat a , Haseeb Anwar a, * , Abid Mahmood b , Ghulam Hussain a , Azhar Rasul c , Muhammad Umar Ijaz d , Muhammad Naeem Faisal e , Muhammad Ibrahim b , Adnan Ali f a Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan b Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan c Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan d Department of Zoology, Wild Life and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan e Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan f Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Nanoparticles Insulin Total antioxidant capacity Streptozotocin Diabetes Oxidative stress ABSTRACT Magnesium oxide (MgO) and manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical method and characterized. Their antioxidative and antidiabetic potential was assessed. Seven groups with eight rats per group were assigned as negative control (NC), positive control (PC), standard control (Std-C), magnesium oxide nanoparticle high dose (MgO-300) and low dose (MgO-150), manganese oxide nanoparticle high dose (MnO-30) and low dose (MnO-15) groups. Glucose levels showed an increase in PC group whereas MgO-300 group showed a maximal decrease in glucose levels (P ≤ 0.05). Insulin levels increased signifcantly in MgO-300 group as compared with PC group. The MnO-30 and MnO-15 groups showed a dose-dependent effect (P ≤ 0.05). A sig- nifcant increase in serum paraoxonase was observed in the MgO-300 group (P ≤ 0.05). Total antioxidant ca- pacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) indicated a signifcant effect exerted by MgO-300 and MgO-150 groups (P ≤ 0.05). MgO and MnO nanoparticles can potentially be an alternative for bulk supplementation for Diabetes Mellitus mangement. 1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) has manifested itself as a colossal health menace globally [1]. Symptoms of DM include increased urination and thirst, blurred vision, somnolence, slowed wound healing, abnormal perturbations in immune functioning and neuropathy etc. It has two major types, type one and type two DM. In type one DM, pancreatic beta cells responsible for producing insulin, are destroyed and subsequently, insulin therapy becomes necessary for the survival of the patient. Type two DM is an ailment that is defned by a relative lack of insulin, resistance to insulin, and increased blood sugar levels. The most recent assessment of diabetic incidence in Pakistan indicates that it stands at 11.7% in the Pakistani population. The Pakistani male population ex- hibits an incidence of 11.20% whereas the females have an incidence of 9.19%. These alarming fgures indicate that DM is a major challenge for the population, policymakers, and health professionals [2]. Karachi based studies have shown that DM exerts tremendous socioeconomic pressure on the persons and families suffering from this ailment and it also manifests as a tremendous burden on the meager resources of the low-income population strata. There is a growing consensus that concerted and focused approaches towards treatment and prevention must be adopted to mitigate the risk of developing DM and to treat it [3]. Different treatment paradigms have been used to manage, mitigate, and treat DM over the decades. In this regard, the use of essential trace elements has also been explored in treating DM. With regards to trace elements, magnesium is the second most common cation and is vital for a multitude of human body functions and processes. It is essential for the glucose transporting mechanisms, enzymatic activity, and cell signaling processes. The optimum daily dose of magnesium is 400–420 mg/day for males and 320 mg/day for females. Magnesium plays a central role in insulin action, regulation, and glucose uptake. It has been reported that magnesium supplementation is benefcial in diabetic patients. The common magnesium form employed for supplementation in humans is magnesium oxide (MgO). MgO is well tolerated and absorbed by the * Corresponding author. E-mail address: drhaseebanwar@gcuf.edu.pk (H. Anwar). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/physb https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2020.412570 Received 4 May 2020; Accepted 10 August 2020