Laadel et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2020; 10(4):175-178 ISSN: 2250-1177 [175] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO Available online on 15.07.2020 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research © 2011-20, publisher and licensee JDDT, This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited Open Access Research Article Chronology of Gall’s emergence of Dryomyia lichtensteini F.Löw, 1878 (Diptera: Cecidomyidae) and its effect on Quercus ilex’s Sanitary state in Setif (Algeria) N. Laadel¹, F. Benia 1 , S. Guettaf 2 * 1 Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Animal Physiology, Laboratory ADPVA, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University, Algeria 2 Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University, Algeria ABSTRACT In the last years, an insect is detected on the foliage of Quercus ilex trees in Algeria (North-East region). Dryomyia lichtensteini F.Löw, 1878 (Diptera: Cecidomyidae), The Chronology of Gall’s emergence of Dryomyia lichtensteini and its field infestation rate were followed since 2014, in evergreen oak plantation in the Algerian North-East Region (Setif). Some statistical methods of Gall’s emergence of this pest and its effect at Quercus ilex’s Sanitary state are reviewed and discussed. For each study area (North-South-East-West), 10 trees were marked. 30 leaves of each tree were removed, so it is 300 leaves for each site, which were analyzed. This study is based on the number of galls observed. In order to highlight the degree of attack of pests. The outputs were made from November 2014 to November 2016, due to one output per month. Keywords: Quercus ilex, Cecidomyidae, gall inducers, Algeria Article Info: Received 23 April 2020; Review Completed 21 June 2020; Accepted 04 July 2020; Available online 15 July 2020 Cite this article as: Laadel N, Benia F, Guettaf S, Chronology of Gall’s emergence of Dryomyia lichtensteini F.Löw, 1878 (Diptera: Cecidomyidae) and its effect on Quercus ilex’s Sanitary state in Setif (Algeria), Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2020; 10(4):175-178 http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i4.4259 *Address for Correspondence: S. Guettaf, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University, Algeria 1. INTRODUCTION Quercus ilex L., known as holm oak or evergreen oak, is a broadleaved tree or shrub, which can grow up to 25 m. It is characterised by coriaceous dark green leaves with a woolly lower side, and small acorns. It is native to the centralwestern Mediterranean basin, where it represents the dominating species in woodlands and maquis vegetation. It is a shade-tolerant species regenerating under the canopy cover, but it is also a vigorous root re-sprouting species. In Europe it thrives in meso-Mediterranean bioclimates, where it is not too dry, forming well-structured forests rich in species. Managed principally as coppice forests, its hard wood has been used for the production of charcoal, firewood, railway sleepers and small tools. In the Iberian Peninsula the holm oak woodlands are historically managed as pastures with large isolated trees where livestock feeding on the grass and acorns. Fungal pathogens can create severe damage especially to drought suffering trees. As other oaks it is also damaged by several defoliating lepidopterans. For millennia Mediterranean holm oak forests have suffered for human activities, which have exploited, modified the species mixture and in many cases replaced woodlands with agriculture and urban areas 1 . The natural distribution of holm oak occurs principally in the central-western part of the Mediterranean basin, covering from Portugal and Morocco, to the Aegean Islands and western Turkey, expanding also northward up to northern Italy and France. It also occurs in a few localities in Anatolia on the coast of the Black Sea 2,3 . Despite its robustness, this tree is subject to many factors including degradation, for some time, that of parasitic insects that mostly is fatal. An insects was detected on the foliage of Quercus ilex trees in Algeria (North-East region): Dryomyia lichtensteini F.Löw, 1878 (Diptera: Cecidomyidae).This insect is gall inducer and cause damages mainly to Quercus ilex trees. Larvae develop in galls on leaves of Quercus ilex L. (Fagaceae). The gall is egg-shaped or hemispherical on the lower part with an opening on the upper side of the leaf. One generation develops a year 4 . The midge opens by the upper surface of the leaves; we observe a slightly curved elongated cleft whose thick border has at one of its ends a small opening 5 . These galls, the midge, are in the form of small ovoid pouches of 3x2 mm and about 2 mm high. Generally, a leaf carries several galls (up to 100), and when they are too many leaves can look distorted. The development of each gall is induced