© Kamla-Raj 2012 J Hum Ecol, 40(3): 267-275 (2012)
Eco-friendly Packaging of Selected Consumer Goods and
Environmental Concern of Homemakers
Shilpi Sharma and Maneesha Shukul
1
Department of Family and Community Resource Management,
Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The Maharaja Sayajirao
University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
KEYWORDS Eco-friendly. Buying Behaviour. Environmental Concern
ABSTRACT Personal consumption of goods has important environmental implication; hence its role in the
degradation vis-à-vis protection of environment and sustainable development is of growing concern. With the
changing lifestyle of Indian urban consumers due to globalization, the increasing malls are filled with packed
goods so that consumers can pick-up the required goods on their own. The goods are available in various
packaging materials, which, on one hand provide convenience to the consumers, on the other hand causes waste
disposal problems in case they are not reusable/ recyclable /biodegradable. The packaging material varies in their
environmental impacts. Those consumers who select the goods packed in the least harmful packaging material
to the environment out of the available options, exhibit “eco-friendly buying behaviour”. With the view to
know the extent of eco-friendly buying behaviour of consumers of 21
st
century, in relation to selected consumer
goods, when much is talked about environment, a study was under on 75 purposively selected female consumers
from Vadodara city. The questionnaire contained a scale having list of selected consumer goods available in the
market in various packaging materials ranging from least to most eco-friendliness. The respondents were asked
to indicate generally which of the given option they selected and why. It was found that majority of the
respondents had a moderate extent of eco- friendly buying behaviour and the reasons behind the purchase of
selected goods in different packaging were economy and convenience. Very few percentage of respondents
reflected environmental concern at the time of buying those goods as reflected through the reasons. The study
reveals a need for making consumer more environmentally concerned at the stage of buying as well as understanding
their “environmental foot-print”, so as to contribute for sustainable development and environmental protection.
INTRODUCTION
“Packaging includes the activities of design-
ing and producing a container for a product”
(Kotler 2000). According to Kuvykaite (2009),
package attracts consumer’s attention to partic-
ular brand, enhances its image, and influences
consumer’s perceptions about product. Pack-
age imparts unique value to products (Under-
wood et al. 2001; Silayoi and Speece 2004), works
as a tool for differentiation, that is, helps con-
sumers to choose the product from wide range
of similar products, stimulates consumers buy-
ing behaviour (Wells et al. 2007). Thus packag-
ing performs an important role in marketing com-
munications and could be treated as one of the
most important factors influencing consumer’s
buying decisions.
Packaging protects the commodity from loss-
es, damages and deterioration in quality due to
exposure and it keeps the content pure and clean,
as, the goods may be packed mechanically and
untouched by unclean hands. Packaging also
reduces the chances of breakage and pilferage
in transit and adulteration. Pre-packed goods
ensure correct weight, quality and price as these
are indicated on the package. Packaging helps
in widening of the market due to necessary pro-
tection, ease in handling and convenience to all.
It also helps in branding, advertising and point
of purchase display (Sherlekar 2006).
Packaging materials can be broadly classi-
fied as food and non-food packaging materials.
Food packaging materials comprises of glass,
ceramic, earthenware, plastics, metalized plas-
tics, laminated paper, multilayer packaging and
metals like some alloys, stainless steel and alu-
minum cans, foils. These packaging materials
have high volume but may have low weights
making up only 15-20 % of all packaging. On the
other hand non-food packaging materials are
mostly cardboards, blister plastic, thermocol,
paper, wood, cellophane and other clear trans-
parent and opaque plastics, multilayer contain-
ers and strappings. The non-food packaging
make up almost 80-90% of all packaging by
weight (Ministry of Environment and Forests
2010).
Packaging waste can have number of impacts
on the environment. Most of the packaging