229 Traditional & Integrative Medicine 2021, Vol. 6, No. 3 http://jtim.tums.ac.ir Abstract Peganum harmala is a plant that belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae. In traditional medicine, this plant has therapeutic effects such as repelling intestinal worms, increasing sexual potency, increasing milk secretion, anti-rheumatism, regularizing, anti-parasitic, hypnotic, diaphoretic, anti-cancer and analgesic. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of P. harmala seed essential oil. P. harmala seed essential oil was extracted by Head Space-SPME [HS-SPME] method and its chemical compounds were identifed by GC-MS method. Totally, 41 chemical compounds were identifed in P. harmala seed essential oil. According to the results, the most compounds of P. harmala L. seed essential oil includes 2,3-dimethyl benzofuran (28.32%), cis-linalool oxide (7.46%), [2E]- decenal (6.57%), 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (6.49%), 3-oxo-p-menth-1-en-7-al (6.36%) and trans- β- terpineol (5.86%), respectively. Keywords: Medicinal plant; Essential oil; Peganum harmala L.; 2,3-Dimethyl benzofuran; Head- space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME); Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) TRADITIONAL AND INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE Trad Integr Med, Volume 6, Issue 3, Summer 2021 Original Research Reza Asadzadeh 1 , Naser Abbasi 2 , Mahmoud Bahmani 2 * Traditional & Integrative Medicine 1 Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2 Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Received: 8 Apr 2021 Revised: 12 Jun 2021 Accepted: 13 Jun 2021 *Corresponding Author: Mahmoud Bahmani Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Email: mahmood.bahmani@gmail.com Extraction and Identifcation of Chemical Compounds of Peganum harmala L. Seed Essential Oil by HS-SPME and GC-MS Methods Citation: Asadzadeh R, Abbasi N, Bahmani M. Extraction and Identifcation of Chemical Compounds of Peganum harmala L. Seed Essential Oil by HS-SPME and GC-MS Methods. Trad Integr Med 2021; 6(3): 229-235. Copyright © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction Esfand or Harmel medicinal plant with the scientifc name of Peganum harmala L., is a plant that grows in the Mediterranean regions of North Africa, Asia, Turkey, Syria, Iran, In- dia and Spain. P. harmala is stable and hair- less and belongs to the family Zygophylla- ceae [1]. Morphologically, P. harmala L. as bright green leaves full of water with narrow, long and irregular divisions. P. harmala stem is zigzag, woody and contains several branch- es. Also, its fruit is in the form of a capsule of three houses and in the shape of a sphere. Each capsule house contains a large number of seeds. Its seeds are angular, dark brown, with a distinct odor [1]. P. harmala is wide-