International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol. 14, No. 1, February 2024, pp. 110~128 ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i1.pp110-128  110 Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com Hybrid fuel cell-supercapacitor system: modeling and energy management using Proteus Mohamed Haidoury 1 , Mohammed Rachidi 1 , Hicham El Hadraoui 2 , Oussama Laayati 2 , Zakaria Kourab 3 , Souad Tayane 3 , Mohamed Ennaji 3 1 Modeling, Information Processing and Control Systems, National School of Arts and Crafts, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco 2 Green Tech Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco 3 Laboratory Complex Cyber Physical Systems, National School of Arts and Crafts, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received May 11, 2023 Revised Aug 6, 2023 Accepted Oct 9, 2023 The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) presents a promising solution for achieving sustainable transportation and reducing carbon emissions. To keep pace with technological advancements in the vehicular industry, this paper proposes the development of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and an energy management strategy (EMS) for EVs, implemented using Proteus Spice Ver 8. The HESS consists of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the primary source and a supercapacitor (SC) as the secondary source. The EMS, integrated into an electronic board based on the STM32, utilizes a low-pass filter algorithm to distribute energy between the sources. The accuracy of the proposed PEMFC and SC models is validated by comparing Proteus simulation results with experimental tests conducted on the Bahia didactic bench and Maxwell SC bench, respectively. To optimize energy efficiency, simulations of the HESS system involve adjusting the hybridization rate through changes in the cutoff frequency. The analysis compares the state-of-charge (SOC) of the SC and the voltage efficiency of the fuel cell (FC), across different frequencies to optimize overall system performance. The results highlight that the chosen strategy satisfies the energy demand while preserving the FC’s dynamic performance and optimizing its utilization to the maximum. Keywords: Energy management strategy Equivalent circuit Fuel cell Hybrid system Proteus This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Mohamed Haidoury Modeling, Information Processing and Control Systems, National School of Arts and Crafts, Moulay Ismail University Meknes, Morocco Email: haidoury.mohamed@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION Global warming, the depletion of petroleum resources, the deterioration of air quality, and many inquiries into a pollution-free, healthy, and clean environment have heightened scientists’ interest in developing alternative, sustainable and ecologically clean solutions in recent decades. In emerging economies, particularly in big cities, the transportation industry is a major source of toxic exhaust emissions into the environment, such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and carbon monoxide (CO), posing a serious threat to life on our planet. The electrification of vehicle powertrains is commonly regarded as one of the most promising technologies in the automotive sector for increasing fuel economy (energy efficiency) and lowering greenhouse gas emissions [1]. The electric vehicle (EV) architecture refers to the location of the energy storage system and the components of the electric powertrain. This architecture is