Transforming Learning Anatomy: Basics of Ultrasound Lecture and Abdominal Ultrasound Anatomy Hands-on Session Uche Blackstock, MD*, Kristin Carmody, MD *Corresponding author: ublackstock@gmail.com Abstract Introduction: As point-of-care ultrasound units become more compact and portable, clinicians in over 20 different medical and surgical specialties have begun using the technology in diverse clinical applications. However, a knowledge gap still exists between what medical students are learning in their undergraduate medical education curriculum and the clinical skills required for practice. Over the last 10 years, point-of- care ultrasound content has been slowly incorporated into undergraduate medical education, yet only a handful of medical schools have developed ultrasound curricula. This module was developed at our institution in response to survey feedback from medical students overwhelmingly requesting preclerkship ultrasound education. The target audience for this module is first-year medical students with no prior ultrasound exposure. Methods: The module consists of a 1-hour introductory lecture and a 1-hour hands- on session during the abdominal anatomy course. Associated materials include the introductory lecture, presenter notes for the introductory lecture, instructor guidelines for the hands-on session, hands-on session setup instructions, a student handout for the hands-on session, and a module evaluation form. Results: We have successfully implemented this module for the past 3-years and learner feedback has been overwhelmingly positive. Learner comments on a postmodule survey included, “Great job of explaining the science behind ultrasounds as well as how to interpret the images.” Discussion: As a result of our first-year students’ evaluation responses, this module has been incorporated into our medical school’s anatomy course. Keywords Anatomy, Bedside Ultrasound, Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Ultrasound Curriculum Educational Objectives By the end of this session, the learner will be able to: 1. Describe the relationship between wavelength and frequency of sound waves. 2. Describe the conversion between electrical and mechanical energy necessary for the function of an ultrasound machine. 3. Describe the phenomenon of echogenicity. 4. Describe the main knobs on an ultrasound machine and their functions. 5. Describe the main ultrasound modes, including 2D, M-mode, color flow Doppler, and spectral Doppler. 6. Identify the gallbladder, liver, right kidney, Morison’s pouch, spleen, left kidney, and splenorenal recess. 7. Utilize color flow and spectral Doppler to understand the anatomy of the portal triad. 8. Identify the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta in long- and short-axis, and use color flow and spectral Doppler to appreciate different flow patterns between the two structures. Original Publication  OPEN ACCESS Citation: Blackstock U, Carmody K. Transforming learning anatomy: basics of ultrasound lecture and abdominal ultrasound anatomy hands-on session. MedEdPORTAL. 2016;12:10446. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374- 8265.10446 Copyright: © 2016 Blackstock and Carmody. This is an open-access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-Share Alike license. Appendices A. Basics of Ultrasound Lecture.pptx B. Lecture Presenter Notes .pdf C. Hands-on Session Instructor Guidelines.docx D. Hands-on Session Setup Instructions.docx E. Student Handout for Hands-on.pdf F. Postmodule Evaluation Form.docx All appendices are peer reviewed as integral parts of the Original Publication. 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10446 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10446 1 / 5