DOI: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166730 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 730 P J M H S Vol. 16, No. 06, Jun 2022 Gold Nanoparticles and its use to Treat Cancer in Liver Cirrhosis: A Review BERGEES KHAN 1 , MUHAMMAD WASIQUE SHAHID 2 , SAFDAR SAEED 3 , QUDSIA MUSHTAQ 4 , UZAIR ISHTIAQ 5 , SANA FAROOQ 6 , TABISH ARIF 7 , AMJAD MAQSOOD 8 , HASSAN RAZA 7 , SIMRA ARIF 7 , FATIMA KHALID 9 , MARIA 10 , AYESHA AMEEN 11 , MEHREEN FATIMA 7 1 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Pakistan 2 Department of Science and Technology, Virtual university of Rawalpindi, Pakistan 3 Consultant Urologist, DHQ hospital Rajanpur 4 Department of Zoology, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 5 Department of Quality Control, Paktex Industries, Kamoke, Pakistan 6 School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, UK 7 Departments of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 8 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 9 School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Punjab, Pakistan 10 Biochemistry section, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshwar, pakistan 11 Office of research Innovation and Commercialization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Corresponding Author: Ayesha Ameen, Email: ayesha.ameen@umt.edu.pk ABSTRACT Gold Nano particles have been use as an anti-cancer in nanotechnology and many other beneficial effects have been reported. In this study, Gold nanoparticles use is discussed as therapeutic effect in the liver. Gold nanoparticles have a considerable advantage due to their size, shape, and ease of transmission. They can be used widely in pharmaceutical industries. They exhibit many different dimensions which include two dimensions and three dimensions. They have a unique set of features that manage their usage against microbes, and cancer. There are not enough studies performed on the shape and size of gold nanoparticles. It was essential to conduct a study on the shape and size of these nanoparticles for different cells and cell lines. Gold nanoparticles are very actively use in the cancer treatment. Moreover, they can bind many drugs, Cancer that relates third cause of death worldwide is liver cirrhosis. Keywords: Liver cirrhosis, Cancer, Nanoparticles, Cell lines INTRUDUCTION Cancer that relates third cause of death worldwide is liver cirrhosis. Genome of liver cancer in hug amount sequenced globally that leads high frequency gene/mutations (Nakagawa et al., 2019). The liver organ under the rib cage and below the right lung is one of the largest organs in the body the function of the liver is to removing toxins from the body and it is crucial to survival. Liver cancer is that type of cancers that starts in the liver or develops outside on the surface of organ and spread to the all - area. The fact of liver cancer has very low survival rate and major factor are includes alcohol intake and become a main reason of liver cirrhosis. Alcohol usually consumed with meals every day or often (Zimmermann et al., 2019). Secondly, type 2 diabetes indicates serious liver disease like liver failure needs to be liver transplantation and causes liver cirrhosis. Third and last factor of liver cancer is hepatitis (A, B, C) named by viruses gradually can major cause of liver cancer. Liver is one of the largest organs present in the abdomen of a human being. In a healthy adult liver weight is around 1.5kg. Liver produces bile juice which gets stored in the gall bladder. This fluid travels all the way from the gall bladder through bile duct and helps in the digestion of food. Liver is the only organ in body that have a capacity to regenerate, this capacity is so intense that even a 70% damage liver tissues can fix themselves within a time period of few weeks; however, if the injury is continuous than this lead to a condition known as liver fibrosis. In case of liver fibrosis the tissue of liver gets accumulated by extra cellular matrix which may lead towards severe changes in structure and function of a liver. CLD is one of the major concerns worldwide; with this condition a normal liver can get damage to critical levels. A damaged liver will produce a condition known as liver cirrhosis (Bartneck et al., 2014). There are diseases in which liver is chronically affected; these diseases are known as CLD or chronic liver diseases. Now, we all know that liver have a capacity to regenerate and fix up the part of the liver that has been damage. Several cells are involved in this process. There are several different factors involved towards the liver damage, liver damage can be due to some disease, virus or by some medicine. It can further lead towards liver fibrosis which can lead liver condition towards liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Chronic infection in liver can result in the liver fibrosis. It is mainly due to a disease like hepatitis, which includes jaundice, hepatitis B and hepatitis C can damage liver to a great extent. People who consume a lot of amount of alcohol can leads towards a fatty liver which can result in liver damage. Many cases of liver cancer worldwide are because of alcohol abusive usage. There are some medicines which can cause liver damage, for instance, metronidazole usage for a long period of time or paracetamol/acetaminophen usage for a long period of time can cause CLD. There are no medicines available in the market as such which can act as liver anti-fibrosis (Rechberger et al., 2003). Many therapies are done in this regard, but they are failed to give an accurate concentration involved in this process to avoid or cure liver diseases. Therapies that include nanoparticle had much better effect as compared to other conventional therapies; Nanotechnology is a vast field that is growing at a very rapid scale. These days’ nanoparticles are conjugated somehow with biological compounds or a drug that can go to a specific part of a body. Nanoparticle has suitable and quite astonishing support for drug delivery system. In past few years nanotechnology and medical sciences joined hands together in many studies for the cure of several different liver diseases (Giannitrapani et al., 2014; Sperling et al., 2008). Angiogenesis play a key role in providing oxygen and nutrients for tumor cells. Hallmark in cancer cell cannot grow without blood supply 106 cells are mass of ~2mm. Moreover, in the cancer therapy proteins and peptides, aptamers are very effective approach (Mashreghi et al., 2018). Benign Tumors: A benign tumor can originate at any part of body and grows slowly. Generally localized, small in size and appears like warts, colon polyps, etc. It acts like similar to other cells and it can be easily removed with the help of surgery (Mohsen et al., 2018; Quer et al., 2017). Malignant Tumors: They remain at one place for some time, once the conditions are satisfactory for them they can spread to other parts of body by metastasis. They can go into the blood stream, and spread towards surrounding tissues which becomes quite difficult to treat (Galon et al., 2012). Cancer Metastasis: It is a process in which cancer cells spread to other part of body. Once cancer cells goes into the blood stream of