Citation: Ali FS, Khalaphallah R, Alnagar A and Abde-latif Omar Saad O. Role of Microorganisms and Supplement Additives during Sugarcane Straw Composting Process. Austin J Microbiol. 2021; 6(2): 1034. Austin J Microbiol - Volume 6 Issue 2 - 2021 ISSN: 2471-0296 | www.austinpublishinggroup.com Khalaphallah et al. © All rights are reserved Austin Journal of Microbiology Open Access Abstract Microorganisms and supplement additives such as Poultry Manure (PM) - Cow Manure (CM) - Ammonium nitrate (NH 3 ) also have an essential role in enriching and accelerating the sugar cane straw (ScS) residues biodegradation to produce organic fertilizer (compost). Supplement additives may affect physical and chemical changes inside ScS heaps, such as (pH - internal temperature - humidity ratio). These changes also affect the activity of microorganisms in the decomposition of ScS residues. So the main objectives of this investigation are to fnd out convenient solutions to abate the environmental impact by focused on ScS and their microbiological studies, for production of compost. Microorganisms effect of the ScS decomposition, periods of decomposition and decomposition effciency. The self-heating temperature increased after two weeks (66.5 o C to 72.7 o C) was attained. After one month, Self-heating temperature decreased gradually up to the fnish of the experiment. PH values recorded after two weeks were ranged of 7.2 to 8.3 throughout the composting operation. Counts of all microorganisms increased during composting process as compared with their initial counts. The total counts of thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes were present throughout the composting process 85.5 x 10 5 and 56.8 x 10 4 CFU/g, respectively. C/N ratio decreased by composting reaching about 8.9:1, acute microbiological activities likely be due to reduce C/N ratio and Organic Matter (OM) mineralization. The supplement additives from alternatives substances enhanced the biodegradation of composting mixtures. Generally, ScS compost can be used as a substitute for other organic manures for amending soils. Keywords: Sugarcane straw; Composting; Spore-forming bacteria; Microbiome; Biodegradation Introduction In these last years, sugarcane straw (Saccharum ofceinarum L.) has been viewed as great residues of wealth that is burned [1]. Burning sugar cane straw residues leads to a loss of useful soil biomass as well as harmful Environmental Impacts due to releasing of enormous amounts of fumes from greenhouse gasses (CO and CO 2 ). Increasing of CO 2 content in atmosphere might increase the mean surface temperature. In adding the burning of trash produces an increase in the concentration of fne particles (ash) in the atmosphere which cause changes in the heat balance of the earth because they refect and adsorb radiation from the sun and the earth. Environmental pollution is one of main challenging issues nowadays that researchers have been trying to heading. Sugarcane straw is agricultural residues in Egypt, it is a residues of the sugarcane harvesting consisting of dry leaves and green tops, can be preserve on felds to get better the soil quality. It is of high nutritive values and produced in layer quantities. So it can be seen that the use of sugarcane straw conform necessity of utilization to produce compost and to prod act environment from pollution. Terefore, increasing reclamation and land poverty in organic matter is a major motivator for degrading organic residues fertilizers that beneft the soil. Tis is also done by biologically degrading the residues by the endogenous organisms in the residues and supplement additives that activate the demolition processes and turn them into organic fertilizers (compost). Composting is a Research Article Role of Microorganisms and Supplement Additives during Sugarcane Straw Composting Process Ali FS 1 , Khalaphallah R 2 *, Alnagar A 1 and Abde- latif Omar Saad O 1 1 Agriculture Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Egypt 2 Agriculture Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Egypt *Corresponding author: Rafat Khalaphallah, Agriculture Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, 83523Qena, Egypt Received: July 29, 2021; Accepted: September 20, 2021; Published: September 27, 2021 biological aerobic process by major active groups of microorganisms under controlled optimum conditions of moisture content, aeration and temperature that transform heterogeneous organic residues to humus [2-5]. Tis product (compost) is used as a soil conditioner or as an organic fertilizer. Composting contains major active groups of bacteria and actinomycetes. Bacteria are the largest number group in compost organisms, it secretes many exogenous enzymes to chemically break down a variety of organic matters. Supplement additives can be a useful for decreasing the composting time and enhancing the properties of compost [6]. Tallou et al. [7], reported that the high surface/Volume ratio of microorganisms permits a fast exchange of solvent substrates into the cell, their ability to produce spores permitting surviving in unpositive natural condition is an advantage over other microorganisms. Franke-Whittle et al. [8], stated that the environmental and nutritional conditions are not the only factors that can infuence microbial growth; the presence of other microorganisms can impact the activity of the tried microorganism, either positively or negatively. Hassen et al., reported that biological treatment agriculture residues, it can produce good organic matter (compost). In this part of study, Sugarcane straw was used to prepare diferent composts as organic fertilizers. Tese experiments aimed to conduct microbiological studies on the utilization of sugar cane straw and