Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Ophthalmology Volume 2013, Article ID 347801, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/347801 Clinical Study In Vivo Comparison of 23- and 25-Gauge Sutureless Vitrectomy Incision Architecture Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Anderson Teixeira, 1,2,3 Flavio A. Rezende, 4,5 Camila Salaroli, 1,2 Nonato Souza, 1 Benedito Antonio Sousa, 3 and Norma Allemann 2,6 1 Teixeira Ofalmologia, SDS Bloco D No 27, Sala 306, 70392-901 Bras´ ılia, DF, Brazil 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de S˜ ao Paulo, S˜ ao Paulo, SP, Brazil 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Cat´ olica de Bras´ ılia, Bras´ ılia, DF, Brazil 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Hˆ opital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Universit´ e de Montr´ eal, Montr´ eal, QC, Canada 5 Department of Ophthalmology, Pontif´ ıcia Universidade Cat´ olica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 6 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Anderson Teixeira; anderson.lbo@uol.com.br Received 19 November 2012; Accepted 30 January 2013 Academic Editor: David A. Wilkie Copyright © 2013 Anderson Teixeira et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose. To investigate the in vivo incision architecture using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in 23-gauge and 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy (TSPPV). Methods. A prospective observational study of 22 eyes of 22 patients that underwent three-port 25-gauge (10 eyes) or 23-gauge (12 eyes) TSPPV was performed. Te three sclerotomies sites in each eye were analyzed by Corneal Adapter Model (CAM) RTVue SD-OCT (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) with wound cross- section images (longitudinal and transversal) on days 1, 7, and 30 postoperatively. Transversal and longitudinal length, location, angle between the conjunctival surface tangent and the incision plane, and architecture deformations were evaluated. Results. All patients (22 eyes) completed the study and surgeries lasted less than 60 minutes. All wounds were obliquely performed, 23-gauge mean angle was 23 ± 5 ∘ , and 25-gauge angule was 21 ± 4 ∘ . Twenty-three-gauge sclerotomy transversal mean length was 1122 ± 242 m and 25-gauge transversal sclerotomy mean length was 977 ± 174 m; 23-gauge longitudinal mean length was 363 ± 42 m and 25-gauge longitudinal sclerotomy mean length was 234 ±19 m; 23-gauge open wound thickness mean was 61 ± 28 m and 25- gauge open wound thickness mean was 22 ± 6 m. All results were statistically signifcant ( < 0.05). No vitreous incarceration or silicone oil residue was observed in incision sites with both gauges. Conclusions. Te 23-gauge and 25-gauge architectural wound constructions were well visualized using CAM SD-OCT. Statistical diferences between the two gauges were observed throughout the study period. 1. Introduction Transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy (TSPPV) has considerably transformed the outlook of patient man- agement in the feld of retina and vitreous surgery since when described in 2002 [1, 2]. At frst, the cannulas were introduced straight through the sclera at the sclerotomy sites in a perpendicular fashion. However, with this technique questions have been raised regarding to the true self-sealing characteristics of some of these TSPPV, with reports of increased hypotony and endophthalmitis rates associated [3– 9]. Te creation of the beveled opposed to a straight scle- rotomy incision to prevent leakage through these sutureless wounds was a greater advantage for the procedure [10–14]. But the limitations of the instruments, fuidics, extensive fexibility of the instruments, and poor illumination caused by a small lumen 0.5 mm caliber reduced the use of 25-gauge TSPPV, even with advantages over the traditional techniques