International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 2023, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp 375-390 375 A Review of Current Developments in The Detection of Brain Cancer Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Analysis of Methodology, Comparisons, Results and Challenges MD Ashif Raja 1 , Anzar Hussain Lone 2* , Manpreet Kaur 3 , Preet Kaur 4, Rajinder Singh Sodhi 5 , Neha 6 1,4 Om Sterling Global University, Hisar, India, 5 J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, India, 1,2,3,6 Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, PunjabIndia; E-mail: anzarhussainlone@gmail.com Abstract: Among the deadliest illnesses that is not initially recognized in the context of cancer is brain cancer. Cancerous cells are created when cells proliferate quickly and uncontrollably. The changes in tumour location, size, and shape severely impair the ability to detect brain cancers. The wrong diagnosis of a brain tumour can have terrible and fatal consequences. So there is need of high level accuracy to find the tumor classification. The categorization, segmentation, analysis, and detection of brain cancer are the main topics of this work. In order to aid researchers, This study intends to offer an extensive exploration of the existing literature regarding brain tumor identification through the utilization of magnetic resonance imaging. Three different types of medical imaging for brain cancer were subjected to machine learning approaches (feature extraction, augmentation methods, segmentation, and anatomy of brain tumours) and identifies current issues that must be resolved for various machine learning algorithms to be applied widely in the treatment of personalised brain cancer. Ultimately, this comprehensive review compiles relevant scholarly works concerning brain tumor detection, accentuating its advantages, limitations, progressions, and challenges, thus paving the way for potential forthcoming investigations. Keywords: Brain Cancer, Feature Extraction, Machine Learning Algorithm, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Segmentation 1. INTRODUCTION In our body brain is the one of the most important and complicated organs which work with billions of cells. The brainstem, which is predominantly shielded by the skull, is made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem [1, 3, 4]. Uncontrolled cell division causes an abnormal cell cluster to form in proximity to or within the brain., which show how a brain tumour grows. There are numerous ways to categorise brain tumours, such as primary, secondary, or metastatic tumours. The size, outer later, or origin of the brain tumour are typically considered when evaluating it. Primary and secondary tumours are two different categories for tumours. As a result of the primary cancer tissue's tendency to begin in the brain and remain there, the brain. From other sections of the body, the secondary tumour may impact the brain. The classification model is ranked according to the rate of cell proliferation at which it occurs. Technical names for some brain tumours include meningioma, glioblastoma, and astrcytomas. About 70% of all brain tumours are primary tumours, with the remaining 30% being secondary tumours. Just as primary tumours, which are those that first develop in the brain, are classified according to their origin, so are other tumour types. The majority of secondary tumours, on the other hand, are malignant tumours that initially develop in any other organ of the body before spreading to the brain.