Research Article The Association between Vitamin D Hypovitaminosis and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Saudi Diabetic Patients Type II Abeer Ahmed Alrefai , 1,2 Elsayed Elsalamony, 3 Sameer H. Fatani, 2 Zeinab A. Kasemy , 4 Abdulaziz Fatani, 5 and Hala Fawzy Mohamed Kamel 2,6 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom 32511, Egypt 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia 3 Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebine Elkoum 32511, Egypt 5 Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Geda, Saudi Arabia 6 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt Correspondence should be addressed to Abeer Ahmed Alrefai; drabeer1975@hotmail.com Received 25 May 2022; Revised 14 August 2022; Accepted 5 September 2022; Published 23 September 2022 Academic Editor: Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz Copyright © 2022 Abeer Ahmed Alrefai et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We evaluated the prevalence and association of Vitamin D deficiency with glycemic control and CVD risk in T2DM patients. Serum 25 (OH)D 3 , lipid profile, glucose panel, HbA1c, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR were assessed in 93 T2DM patients and 69 controls. 10 years and lifetime ASCVD risk scores were calculated. e levels of 25(OH)D 3 were significantly low in T2DM patients compared to the control. T2DM patients with hypovitaminosis D displayed significantly increased FBG, insulin, and HOMA-IR compared to normovitaminosis. eir lifetime and 10-year ASCVD risk scores were significantly higher regardless of vitamin D deficiency levels (P  0.006; P  0.023) in comparison to patients with sufficient levels of vitamin D. Among patients, the lifetime and 10 years of ASCVD risk showed a significant negative correlation with serum 25(OH)D 3 and HDLc (P  0.037; 0.018) (P  0.0001), respectively, and significant positive correlation with T2DM duration, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR (P  0.018; 0.0001) (P  0.002; 0.001) (P  0.005; 0.001), respectively. e 10-year ASCVD risk exhibited a significant positive correlation with FBG (P  0.003) and HbA1c (P  0.009). T2DM duration was a predictor of vitamin D deficiency among T2DM patients (β  0.22; CI  0.002–0.04). ere is a considerable association between lifetime and 10 years of ASCVD risk with hypovitaminosis D in T2DM, regardless of the deficiency levels which could be predicted by the diabetes duration. 1. Introduction e deficiency of vitamin D has been identified lately as a major health concern [1]. As a multifunctional fat-soluble vitamin, consequences of deficiency of vitamin D might not only affect musculoskeletal metabolism and func- tions, but it will modulate many other cellular events, such as immunological response, cell proliferation and differentiation, insulin homeostasis, and metabolic functions as well [2]. us, it might play a vital role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mel- litus (T2DM), and cardiometabolic complications of T2DM patients [3]. By the effect of UV light, 7-dehy- drocholesterol (provitamin D 3 ) is converted into (cho- lecalciferol) vitamin D 3 that is transported to the liver with dietary vitamin D 2 to be hydroxylated by the enzyme P 450 vitamin D-25-hydroxylase into 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Furthermore, hydroxylation occurs in the kidney and to less extent in monocytes, placenta, and macrophages, by the enzyme (CYP27B1)25(OH)D31α-hydroxylase Hindawi Biochemistry Research International Volume 2022, Article ID 6097864, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6097864