Turkiye Klinikleri J Case Rep. 2020;28(2):110-3 110 Chilaiditi Sign (CSign) is a condition where the colon, or more rarely a small bowel segment, is in- terposed between the liver and the diaphragm. The incidence in the general population is 0.025-0.28%. The incidence increases with age and the male/female ratio is 4/1. 1 It is often asymptomatic and usually di- agnosed incidentally. This condition is defined as CSign. 2 However, it may present with various symp- toms such as loss of appetite, abdominal pain, con- stipation, hiccups, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, cough, chest pain, and renal colic pain and these symptoms may be acute, chronic, or recurrent. It is defined as CS when it is symptomatic. 1 In light of literature find- ings, we present the case of a 62-year-old asympto- matic female patient who was evaluated for iron deficiency anaemia. She developed sudden dyspnea, chest pain and abdominal pain following colonoscopy and was diagnosed with CS following radiological imaging. CASE REPORT The 62-year-old female patient was presented to the outpatient clinic with complaints of fatigue, and dizzi- ness. The patient’s past medical history was signifi- cant for hypertension, allergic asthma, and chronic ischemic heart disease. She had no history of the placement of a cardiac stent or previously performed coronary by-pass. Her family history was unremark- able and there was no history of alcohol or smoking in the patient’s social history. On initial evaluation, the patient’s vital signs were stable. She was on acetyl- salicylic acid, angiotensin converting enzyme in- hibitor, inhaler steroid, inhaler selective beta2 Chilaiditi Syndrome After Colonoscopy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Yağmur GÖKSEVEN a , Güzin Zeren ÖZTÜRK b , Fatih BORLU c , Dilek TOPRAK d a Hassa Public Hospital, Clinic of Family Medicine, Hatay, TURKEY b University of Health Sciences Şisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Family Medicine, İstanbul, TURKEY c University of Health Sciences Şisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Internal Medicine, İstanbul, TURKEY d Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Health Application and Research Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Tekirdağ, TURKEY This study was presented as a poster at the 13 th Istanbul Family Medicine Conference, 21-22 June 2019, İstanbul, TURKEY. ABSTRACT Chilaiditi Syndrome (CS) was first described by Demetrius Chilaiditi in 1910 as a condition characterized radiologically by the positioning of the colon between the liver and the diaphragm. This condition of unknown cause is very rare in the general population. Although it is usually asymptomatic, it may present with acute, chronic, or recurrent forms and might be associated with symptoms such as constipa- tion, dyspnea, loss of appetite and chest pain. Diagnosis of CS is important since it might be confused with pneumoperitoneum, may cause intestinal obstruction, perforation, and ischemia, and might possibly result in intestinal perforations during colonoscopy. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented with sudden dyspnea and abdominal pain after colonoscopy and was diagnosed as CS after radiolog- ical imaging. Keywords: Chilaiditi Syndrome; colonoscopy; abdominal pain DOI: 10.5336/caserep.2019-72576 CASE REPORT Correspondence: Yağmur GÖKSEVEN Hassa Public Hospital, Clinic of Family Medicine, Hatay, TURKEY E-mail: yagmurgokseven@hotmail.com Peer review under responsibility of Turkiye Klinikleri. Received: 28 Nov 2019 Accepted: 13 Jan 2020 Available online: 16 Jan 2020 2147-9291 / Copyright © 2020 by Türkiye Klinikleri. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medicine Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports