Universal Journal of Public Health 11(6): 877-887, 2023 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2023.110612
Community Awareness and Performance regarding the
Safe Use of Disinfectants and Household Cleaners
during the Spread of COVID-19 in Lebanon
Wissam Ghach
1,*
, Sara Abou Ibrahim
2
, Areej Merhi
3
, Vanessa Buhamdan
4
,
Nermeen Bou Ghannam
4
, Rina Salhab
1
1
Faculty of Communication, Art and Sciences, Department of Public Health, Canadian University Dubai (CUD), Dubai,
United Arab Emirates
2
School of Education and Social Work, Department of Education, Modern University for Business and Science (MUBS),
Damour, Lebanon
3
School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos and Beirut, Lebanon
4
School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Modern University for Business and Science (MUBS), Damour, Lebanon
Received August 31, 2023; Revised October 31, 2023; Accepted November 13, 2023
Cite This Paper in the Following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Wissam Ghach, Sara Abou Ibrahim, Areej Merhi, Vanessa Buhamdan, Nermeen Bou Ghannam, Rina salhab ,
"Community Awareness and Performance regarding the Safe Use of Disinfectants and Household Cleaners during the
Spread of COVID-19 in Lebanon," Universal Journal of Public Health, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 877-887, 2023. DOI:
10.13189/ujph.2023.110612.
(b): Wissam Ghach, Sara Abou Ibrahim, Areej Merhi, Vanessa Buhamdan, Nermeen Bou Ghannam, Rina salhab (2023).
Community Awareness and Performance regarding the Safe Use of Disinfectants and Household Cleaners during the
Spread of COVID-19 in Lebanon. Universal Journal of Public Health, 11(6), 877-887. DOI:
10.13189/ujph.2023.110612.
Copyright©2023 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract To reduce the spread and transmission of the
SARS-CoV-2 virus, the application of disinfectants and
household cleaning products became a common practice
worldwide during the pandemic. However, the literature
revealed that these practices were associated with limited
knowledge of chemical safety and resulted in several
health hazards. This pilot study aims to assess the
awareness and the performance of the Lebanese
community regarding the safe use of household
disinfectants and cleaners during the COVID-19 spread.
This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the
extent, to which the public community in Lebanon safely
handles disinfectants and household cleaning products. An
Awareness-Performance questionnaire was adapted from
the CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report and
Arabic-translated [1]. 922 respondents (aged ≥ 18 years old)
participated electronically, and their data was analyzed
using SPSS descriptive analysis and the Chi-Square test for
significant differences (p < 0.05) among the studied
variables. The study population showed lower percentages
of awareness than performance regarding the safe usage of
disinfectants and household cleaners. The highest
percentages with significant differences (p < 0.05) were
detected among females, university graduates, younger
people, and participants who had not been previously
diagnosed with the COVID-19 virus. Consequently, the
study recommends additional investigations and awareness
initiatives to be implemented in Lebanon.
Keywords Lebanon, COVID-19, Awareness,
Performance, Disinfectants, Household Cleaners
1. Introduction
In March 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO)
announced the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic
triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, exposing the world to
uncommon challenges [2]. As a result, several public
health measures to achieve a low transmission rate were
adopted by governments worldwide. Among these