Electronic Government, An International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2019 355
Evaluation of accessibility standards on Ugandan
e-government websites
Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende*,
Benjamin Kanagwa,
Florence Nameere Kivunike and
Michael Tuape
School of Computing and Informatics Technology,
Makerere University,
Kampala, Uganda
Email: jnakatumba@cis.mak.ac.ug
Email: bkanagwa@cis.mak.ac.ug
Email: fkivunike@cis.mak.ac.ug
Email: tuape.mic@gmail.com
*Corresponding author
Abstract: In spite of the efforts made by the Government of Uganda
through the National IT Authority Uganda (NITA-U) to provide many of
the government services online, web accessibility is still not considered as
a major factor by the developers of the e-government websites. As a result,
people with disabilities cannot use websites as effectively as people without
disabilities. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the
extent by which Ugandan e-government websites meet the internationally
accepted WCAG 2.0 standards. The analysis was done for 63 websites
belonging to government ministries, departments and agencies. Website
accessibility assessment was carried out using two automatic evaluation tools:
TAW and AChecker. The results presented in this paper indicate that all the
websites not do not satisfy the level AA accessibility guidelines. Although
NITA-U has developed guidelines for building websites, there is still great
need to improve accessibility on e-government websites.
Keywords: accessibility; e-government; WCAG 2.0; ministries; departments
and agencies; MDAs; developing country; Uganda.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Nakatumba-Nabende, J.,
Kanagwa, B., Kivunike, F.N. and Tuape, M. (2019) ‘Evaluation of
accessibility standards on Ugandan e-government websites’, Electronic
Government, An International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp.355–371.
Biographical notes: Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende is a Lecturer in the
Department of Computer Science in the School of Computing and Informatics
Technology in Makerere University, Uganda. Her research interests are in
the areas of software architectures, agile software development, e-government
and business process management.
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