IFAC PapersOnLine 51-5 (2018) 114–119
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2405-8963 © 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.220
© 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: biomass, gasification, optimization, decision support system.
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of renewable sources is more than ever a current
issue to deal with because of the need to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions, in particular referring to carbon dioxide.
Several technologies have been developed to exploit different
energy sources. In this paper, attention is focused on forest
biomass and gasification plants. In particular, a decision
support system for the optimal design of a gasification plant
and the related supply chain is proposed. In literature, several
works deal with the optimal design of plants that use
biomasses. A mathematical optimization model for the
optimal design of industrial furnaces/fired heaters is
presented by Mussati et al. (2009). Duret et al. (2005)
consider the optimal thermo-economic process design for
thermo-chemical fuel production from biomass: by solving a
linear programming problem, the optimal process layout and
its corresponding utility system is determined minimizing
operating cost. Shabani and Sowlati (2013) develop a
dynamic optimization model to define the amount of biomass
to be purchased, stored and consumed in each month during a
one-year planning horizon, taking into account different types
of forest fuel, several storage options, energy production, ash
management and several time periods. Frombo et al. (2009)
develop a geographic information system (GIS)-based
Environmental Decision Support System for the optimal
planning of forest biomass use for energy production. The
decision variables are related to plant locations, conversion
processes (pyrolysis, gasification, combustion), harvested
biomass. Shahi et al. (2011) propose an integrated non-linear
dynamic mixed-integer programming model for biomass
gasification power plants. The main variables considered in
the model are harvesting and processing costs, logistics costs
for biomass feedstock delivery and storage, capital costs of
the power plant, operation and maintenance costs including
labour, insurance, and capital financing, and other regulatory
costs. Muresan et al. (2013) develop a model that assesses the
effect of biomass co-firing on gasification-based hydrogen
production supply chain, with carbon dioxide capture and
storage. The proposed paper, differently from literature,
focuses attention on each component of a gasification plant
and to its overall supply chain. Concerning previous works of
the research group (for example the one reported in Frombo
et al. 2009), a completely different, more complex, model is
used for the gasification plant. Moreover, storage systems
and pellets production have been considered. The resulting
optimization problem is non-linear mixed-integer. The paper
is organized as follows: section 2 describes the system model,
while section 3 describes the optimization problem. Then,
results and conclusions are reported in sections 4 and 5,
respectively.
2. THE CONSIDERED SYSTEM
The considered system is characterized by three main
sub-systems, as reported in Fig. 1: the biomass supply and
pre-treatment, the pellets’ production, and the power
production. Each of them is in turn characterized by several
sub-systems. For this reason, for the sake of brevity, the main
features of the system model are here described, but the
overall formalization is omitted. The objective is the one of
sizing the supply chain of a gasification plant with known
capacity for power production. The decision variables are
related to: storage systems capacity, number of technologies,
amount of biomass treated in each production line, humidity,
heat flows, type pf co-generation technology.
All the wooden biomass can be purchased from different
suppliers and can be constituted by virgin wood, harvested
directly in the forest area, or by sub-products of other
manufacturing processes, such as pruning, mowing, and
cutting, agricultural residuals, public green maintenance. The
first kind of biomass is characterized by a higher specific cost
Abstract: The exploitation of biomass in power production systems is particularly attractive to reduce
CO
2
emissions. However, the installation of biomass-fed power plants is not always technically and
economically competitive with respect to traditional fossil fuels. This paper aims to provide a decision
support system that can help the decision maker in assessing the feasibility of the plant, from a technical
and economic point of view, and to provide its optimal design. The model is adapted for a plant that can
produce pellets, electricity, and heat, through the gasification process. The developed model is applied to
a real case study in the Alessandria Province (Italy).
* Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia 13,
16145, Italy, e-mail: michela.robba@unige.it
**Demont s.r.l., Via Braia, 21, 17017 Millesimo, Savona, Italy
G. Ferro*, R. Minciardi*, E. Podestà**, M. Robba*
An optimization model for the sizing
of the biomass plants’ supply chain