Sexual function after spine surgery 1 Pain during sex before and after surgery for lumbar disc herniation: A multicenter observational study Siril T. Holmberg, MS (1,3), Øyvind O. Salvesen, MSc PhD (2) Vetle Vangen-Lønne, MS (1), Sozaburo Hara, MD (1,3), Olav M. Fredheim, MD PhD (4,5,6), Tore K. Solberg, MD PhD (7,8), Asgeir S. Jakola, MD PhD (1,10), Ole Solheim, MD PhD (1,3), Øystein P. Nygaard, MD PhD (1,3,11) and Sasha Gulati, MD PhD (1,3,11,12) 1. Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 2. Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway 3. Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway 4. Centre of Palliative Medicine, Surgical Division, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway 5. Pain and Palliation Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway 6. National Competence Centre for Complex Symptom Disorders, Department of Pain and Complex Disorders, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. 7. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway and The Norwegian registry for spine surgery (NORspine) Tromsø, Norway. 8. Institute of clinical medicine, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT) Tromsø, Norway.