Citation: Sommariva, A.; Valle, M.; Gelmini, R.; Tonello, M.; Carboni, F.; De Manzoni, G.; Sorrentino, L.; Pasqual, E.M.; Bacchetti, S.; Sassaroli, C.; et al. Laparoscopic Cytoreduction Combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in Peritoneal Surface Malignancies (PSM): Italian PSM Oncoteam Evidence and Literature Review. Cancers 2023, 15, 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ cancers15010279 Academic Editor: Jan Willem B. de Groot Received: 9 November 2022 Revised: 29 December 2022 Accepted: 29 December 2022 Published: 31 December 2022 Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). cancers Systematic Review Laparoscopic Cytoreduction Combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in Peritoneal Surface Malignancies (PSM): Italian PSM Oncoteam Evidence and Literature Review Antonio Sommariva 1, * , Mario Valle 2 , Roberta Gelmini 3 , Marco Tonello 1 , Fabio Carboni 2 , Giovanni De Manzoni 4 , Lorena Sorrentino 3 , Enrico Maria Pasqual 5 , Stefano Bacchetti 5 , Cinzia Sassaroli 6 , Andrea Di Giorgio 7 , Massimo Framarini 8 , Daniele Marrelli 9 , Francesco Casella 4 and Orietta Federici 2 1 Advanced Surgical Oncology Unit, Unit of Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy 2 Peritoneal Tumours Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy 3 SC Chirurgia Generale d’Urgenza ed Oncologica, AOU Policlinico di Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy 4 Upper GI Surgery Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy 5 AOUD Center Advanced Surgical Oncology, DAME University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy 6 Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Abdominal Oncology Department, “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale” IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy 7 Surgical Unit of Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy 8 Surgery and Advanced Oncological Therapy Unit, Ospedale “GB.Morgagni-L.Pierantoni”—AUSL Forlì, 47121 Forlì, Italy 9 Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neurosciences, Unit of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy * Correspondence: antonio.sommariva@iov.veneto.it; Tel.: +39-423-421306 Simple Summary: Mini-invasive surgery represents an interesting yet challenging technical evolu- tion for treating peritoneal metastases. This retrospective study aims to present the experience of the Italian Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Oncoteam with laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), including a detailed description of the technique and a systematic review of the literature. The study shows the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic CRS-HIPEC and its association with favorable outcomes in properly selected patients. Abstract: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has gained increasing acceptance in clinical practice. Performing CRS and HIPEC laparoscopically represents a challenging and intriguing technical evolution. However, the experiences are limited, and the evidence is low. This retrospective analysis was performed on patients treated with laparoscopic CRS-HIPEC within the Italian Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Oncoteam. Clinical, perioperative, and follow-up data were extracted and collected on prospectively maintained databases. We added a systematic review according to the PRISMA method for English-language articles through April 2022 using the keywords laparoscopic, hyperthermic, HIPEC, and chemotherapy. From 2016 to 2022, fourteen patients were treated with Lap-CRS-HIPEC with curative intent within the Italian centers. No conversion to open was observed. The median duration of surgery was 487.5 min. The median Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) was 3, and complete cytoreduction was achieved in all patients. Two patients (14.3%) had major postoperative complications, one requiring reintervention. After a median follow-up of 16.9 months, eleven patients were alive without disease (78.6%), two patients developed recurrence (14.3%), and one patient died for unrelated causes (7.1%). The literature review confirmed these results. In conclusion, current evidence shows that Lap-CRS-HIPEC is feasible, safe, and associated with a favorable outcome in selected patients. An accurate patient selection will continue to be paramount in choosing this treatment. Keywords: peritoneal metastases; cytoreductive surgery; HIPEC; laparoscopy Cancers 2023, 15, 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010279 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers