electronics
Communication
Analyzing the Features Affecting the Performance of Teachers
during Covid-19: A Multilevel Feature Selection
Alqahtani Saeed
1
, Raja Habib
2
, Maryam Zaffar
2,
*, Khurrum Shehzad Quraishi
3
, Oriba Altaf
2
,
Muhammad Irfan
4
, Adam Glowacz
5
, Ryszard Tadeusiewicz
6
, Mohammed Ayed Huneif
7
,
Alqahtani Abdulwahab
7
, Sharifa Khalid Alduraibi
8
, Fahad Alshehri
8
, Alaa Khalid Alduraibi
8
and
Ziyad Almushayti
8
Citation: Saeed, A.; Habib, R.; Zaffar,
M.; Quraishi, K.S.; Altaf, O.; Irfan, M.;
Glowacz, A.; Tadeusiewicz, R.;
Huneif, M.A.; Abdulwahab, A.; et al.
Analyzing the Features Affecting the
Performance of Teachers during
Covid-19: A Multilevel Feature
Selection. Electronics 2021, 10, 1673.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
electronics10141673
Academic Editors: Jing Jin, Ali
Zemouche, Ian Daly, Peng Xu, Ren
Xu, Feng Duan and Junfeng Sun
Received: 30 May 2021
Accepted: 9 July 2021
Published: 13 July 2021
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4.0/).
1
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
alhafezsaeed@gmail.com
2
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Lahore,
Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; raja.habib@se.uol.edu.pk (R.H.); Aribakahan@gmail.com (O.A.)
3
Department of Process Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore,
Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; qureshiksq@pieas.edu.pk
4
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia,
Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; miditta@nu.edu.sa
5
Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer
Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology,
aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; adglow@agh.edu.pl
6
Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics,
Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology,
aleja Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; rtad@agh.edu.pl
7
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
huneif@hotmail.com (M.A.H.); aaalsharih@nu.edu.sa (A.A.)
8
Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
dr.s.alduraibi@gmail.com (S.K.A.); f.alshehri@qu.edu.sa (F.A.); AI.alderaibi@qu.edu.sa (A.K.A.);
ziyadalmushayti@qu.edu.sa (Z.A.)
* Correspondence: maryam.zaffar82@gmail.com
Abstract: COVID-19 is a profoundly contagious pandemic that has taken the world by storm and
has afflicted different fields of life with negative effects. It has had a substantial impact on education
which is evident from the transition from Face-to-Face (F2F) teaching to online mode of education and
the rigid implementation of lockdown across the globe. This study examines the factors impacting
the performance of teachers during the lockdown period of COVID-19 using various feature selection
algorithms and Artificial Intelligence techniques. In this paper, we have proposed a novel multilevel
feature selection for the prediction of the factors affecting the teachers’ satisfaction with online
teaching and learning in COVID-19. The proposed multilevel feature selection is composed of
the Fast Correlation Based Filter (FCBF), Mutual Information (MI), Relieff, and Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO) feature selection. The performance of the proposed feature selection approach
is evaluated through the teachers’ benchmark dataset. We used a range of measures like accuracy,
precision, f-measure, and recall to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. We applied
different machine learning approaches (SVM, LGBM, and ANN) with the proposed multilevel feature
selection technique. The performance of the proposed approach is also compared with existing
feature selection algorithms, and the results show the improvement in the performance of feature
selection in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F-Measure. Proposed feature selection provides
more than 80% accuracy with Light Weight Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM).
Keywords: feature selection; teachers; COVID-19; educational data mining; machine learning
Electronics 2021, 10, 1673. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141673 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics