East African Scholars Journal of Medicine and Surgery Abbreviated Key Title: EAS J Med Surg ISSN: 2663-1857 (Print) & ISSN: 2663-7332 (Online) Published By East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-4 | Issue-6 | Jun-2022 | DOI: 10.36349/easjms.2022.v04i06.001 *Corresponding Author: Mohamed Osman Elamin 123 Faculty of Public Health & Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA Original Research Article Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers with children Under Five Years towards Vaccination Dr. Khalid Haroon Fadl 1 , Alshafee Adam Ibrahim 1 , Mastora Mohamed Bahardldoom 1 , Zienab Osman Hassan 1 , Mohamed Osman Elamin 2* , Hatim Abdullah Natto 2 , Fowzi Omer Elamin 2 1 Department of Health Education, College of Public & Environmental Health, University of Bahri, Sudan 2 Faculty of Public Health & Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA Article History Received: 29.04.2022 Accepted: 03.06.2022 Published: 07.06.2022 Journal homepage: https://www.easpublisher.com Quick Response Code Abstract: The knowledge of the mothers on immunization - a public health intervention that has greatly reduced mortality and morbidity globally- is very vital as they play a great role in child care. Their ability to have the right knowledge will enhance their practice and attitude toward immunization. This cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted in Khartoum State Ummbada locality (Albugaa) in period from 5th February to 6th March-2017. Aimed to study the knowledge, attitudes and practice of mothers with children under five years toward vaccination, the study was included 384 mother which have children under five years, divided into six area. The data was collected through questionnaire and interview, and data was analyzed by handily an excel program. The study shown that the majority 90% of mothers heard about the hear of vaccination, about 52% of mothers had poor knowledge about number of the routine doses which given to the child less than two years, 55% of mother had negative attitudes toward vaccination of child in vaccination campaigns, and 66% of mothers good practice toward their treated with the side effects of vaccines. We recommended to Ministry of Health of Khartoum State should be conducting health education campaigns about vaccination for mothers continuously through media and Provided mothers with vaccination booklets explain the importance of vaccination, routine doses, importance of vaccination card and how to manage the sideeffects of vaccination, and obligating all health centers to provided health instructions about vaccination for mothers. Keywords: Mothers, Vaccination, Awareness, EPI. Copyright © 2022 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited. 1. INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined immunization as the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. These vaccines help to stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease (WHO, 2016). Immunization therefore depicts the ability to develop immunity. Immunity being the state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion (WHO, 2012). Immunity also depicts the capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from gaining access into it. Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective interventions to prevent major illnesses that contribute to child mortality in the country, particularly in environments where malnourished children, overcrowding, poverty and illiteracy reign. Knowledge (K), positive attitudes (A) and appropriate perceptions (P) about vaccination hence become one of the main tools to reduce the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) thus reducing childhood mortality and morbidity. In our society, a large chunk of the population lives in rural areas, where mothers are illiterate and have numerous myths about vaccination; this results in children being unimmunized and susceptible and hence causes a serious policy concern. Evidence about the inequalities in vaccination practices exist even though childhood immunization has been an important part of maternal and child health services since the 1940. In 2010 it was estimated that 1.7 million children died from vaccine preventable diseases.2 It was also noted that 19.3 million children had been incompletely vaccinated, leaving them susceptible to vaccine preventable disease mortality and morbidity.