1 Etruscan, an Italic Dialect of the Mesolithic World Language Vittorio Ferretti First edition deposited in Academia.edu on 11.01.2024 Keywords Historical Linguistics, Paleolinguistic, Proto-Human Language, Proto-Sapiens, Proto-World, Mesolithic World Language, African Languages, Proto-Indo-European,, Iberian, Vasconian, Euskera, Sardinian, Ligurian, Rhaetian, Etruscan, Pelasgian, Burushaki, Sino-Tibetan, Austro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Australian, Amerind Languages, Ainu, Japanese, Korean, Altaic, Uralic, Na-Dene, Eskimo-Aleutic. Abstract The current mainstream opinion is that Etruscan is an “isolated” language. This results from the very restrictive criteria of lexical equivalence of the Indo-Germanistic school, which has derived its rules exclusively from one and only one language family, originated in the limiting regions of eastern Europe and western Asia, during the Neolithic. But applying extended lexical equivalence criteria (from articulation points to articulation regions, respectively from specific to meaning fields) for practically all Etruscan words deciphered and translated so far, kindred words can be found in all continents. The presented Etruscan etymology evidences that the basic lexicon and the morphology of the Etruscan are very closely related not only with its geographical neighbors (Ibero-Vasconian-Sardinian, Ligurian and Rhaetian) but also with all other Mesolithic languages of all other continents, far away till America and Australia. This is only explainable as the language expanded by the Homo Sapiens from Africa to all other continents, in his third diaspora during the Mesolithic (from ca. 10,000 to ca- 5,000 BCE). Beside Etruscan, several other regional dialects of this language continuum (like Nilo-Sahara, Atlantic Niger-Congo, Iberian, Vasconian, Sardinian, Ligurian, Rhaetian, Pelasgian, Burushaki, Sino-Tibetan, Mesolithic Siberian, Ainu, Japanese, Korean, Altaic, Uralic, Indo-Pacific, Australian and all Amerind languages) have most preserved the Mesolithic World Language. Other regional dialects (like Tropical Niger-Congo, Afro-Asiatic, Indo-European, Eskimo-Aleutic, Neolithic Siberian, Na-Dene, Austroasiatic, Austronesian) have evolved during the Neolithic (after ca. 5,000 BCE) further away by several reasons, but have also preserved many Mesolithic residues in his basic vocabulary. Together with genetic statistics this result confirms the monogenetic and the “out of Africa” theory of language, It also confirms the “autochthonous” theory of Dionysos of Halikarnassos, saying that the Etruscans originated within the Italic Peninsula. And it also releases the Ibero-Vasconian-Sardinian, Ligurian, Rhaetian, Pelasgian, Amerind and Australian languages from their linguistic isolation. 1. Introduction The origin of Etruscan is debated since Antiquity. Chapter 4 resumes the traded theories. During the last two centuries the diverse theories about its filiation with other language families have been presented (Chapter 5). After a summary of the milestones of humanities expansions and its language evolution (Chapter 2) and a summary of milestones relevant to Etruscan history (Chapter 3) the multiple restrictions are resumed in Chapter 6 which have hindered till now the recognition of Etruscans affinities with other language families. In Chapter 7 the author presents his multiple extension of lexical equivalence criteria. In Chapter 8 the 680 already translated Etruscan words or names are reduced to about 280 different word roots, which are also used by almost all other Mesolithic languages and the Neolithic languages evolved from them. The same applies to some morphological features resumed in Chapter 8. The genetic analysis resumed in Chapter 9 coincides with the linguistic con conclusions presented in Chapter 10. 2. Milestones of Humanity’s Expansion and its Language Evolution Approx. years BCE Events 1 million 1 st African diaspora: The Homo erectus migrated to Eurasia. His physiology allowed only a limited repertory of consonants (H was the only guttural). 0.6 million The Homo erectus differentiated to Homo Neanderthalensis (in W Eurasia) and Homo Denisova (in E Eurasia) 300,000 to 100,000 The Homo sapiens differentiated in Africa from the Homo erectus, with increased repertory of gutturals. N.B. The oldest bone remains (dated 315,000 BCE) have been found in el Jebel Irhoud (100 km NE of Marrakech, 500 km South of Gibraltar). 120,000 to 100,000 Penultimate green period in the Sahel belt favored the growth of the Homo sapiens population. 100,000 to 10,000 Last glaciation in Eurasia (down to the latitude of the rivers Garonne, Main), last phase of the Paleolithic. 100,000 2 nd African diaspora: The Homo sapiens populated also the ice-free southern part of Eurasia (Homo Cro-Magnon). With his superior communicative ability he displaced and partially