Materials Sciences and Applications, 2021, 12, 561-577
https://www.scirp.org/journal/msa
ISSN Online: 2153-1188
ISSN Print: 2153-117X
DOI: 10.4236/msa.2021.1212037 Dec. 7, 2021 561 Materials Sciences and Applications
Obtaining and Characterization
of Biodegradable Composites
Reinforced with Microcrystalline
Cellulose Fillers
Lucas Viana Costa, Gisele C. Valle Iulianelli, Paulo Sérgio Rangel C. da Silva,
Fernanda A. dos Santos
Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing discussion about the problems re-
lated to the massive use of many synthetic plastic materials, which inevitably
leads to an increase in environmental pollution caused by the inappropriate
disposal of these materials. In this sense, biodegradable materials have been a
subject of great interest, as they are a real alternative to replace these mate-
rials and tackle this issue. In this work, fully biodegradable composites were
prepared by solution casting method. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and
treated microcrystalline cellulose (TMCC) were separately incorporated into
biodegradable PLA and PHB matrices at ratios of 3, 5 and 7 wt% and the
properties of the obtained biocomposites were evaluated by TGA, DSC, XRD
and TD-NMR. From thermal analyses, it was seen that TMCC resulted in
better thermal stability and 3 wt% of filler, in general, promoted a more pro-
nounced thermal improvement. Furthermore Tg, Tc and Tm remained prac-
tically unchanged after MCC and TMCC addition. From XRD it was seen
that the cellulose fillers influence in different ways the matrices, promoting
increase or decrease in the degree of crystallinity. Finally, the results obtained
by TD-NMR showed a decrease in the T
1
H values for all prepared biocompo-
sites, indicating a good dispersion of the cellulose fillers in the matrices and
pointed that the systems containing 3 wt% of cellulose fillers were the most
homogeneous formulations.
Keywords
PHB, PLA, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Biocomposites, TGA, DSC, XRD,
TD-NMR
How to cite this paper: Costa, L.V., Iulia-
nelli, G.C.V., da Silva, P.S.R.C. and dos
Santos, F.A. (2021) Obtaining and Charac-
terization of Biodegradable Composites
Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose
Fillers. Materials Sciences and Applications,
12, 561-577.
https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2021.1212037
Received: October 29, 2021
Accepted: December 4, 2021
Published: December 7, 2021
Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access