IFAC-PapersOnLine 49-12 (2016) 473–478
ScienceDirect ScienceDirect
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
2405-8963 © 2016, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.658
© 2016, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Knowledge Management, Traceability, Problem Solving, e-mails, project memory.
1 INTRODUCTION
Computer mediated communication is ubiquitous in Software
design projects. Email is used for project coordination, but
also for design, implementation and test. Especially with
currents agile development methods, it is very common to
interact through computer meditated communication like
email, instant messaging and other collaborative tools in
order to express functional needs, notify issues and take
appropriate decisions.
The knowledge produced in these types of interactions is
often buried inside email boxes, hence being volatile and not
easily reused. Project Memory (Matta et al, 2000) aims at
describing organizational and cooperative dimensions of
knowledge created during the lifecycle of a project. Our
objective is to discover if we can structure and extract
knowledge from professional emails in order to trace some
phases and decisions inside a project memory. The main
questions of our research are: Is it possible to extract
knowledge from e-mails? Which techniques can be used for
that? Are current knowledge engineering techniques adequate
for this type of situations?
For instance: a manager asking to an employee: “What was
the exact file format adopted in project “a” of the software
XYZ and why?” And the only solution for the employee is to
explore tens of gigabytes of emails requesting by keywords to
try to find useful information. To answer this type of
question, we develop a system called KTR that aims at
helping users retrieving relevant (according to a query) traces
of problem solving knowledge among emails corpus.
Some works have been done on emails related to topics
classification or spam detection (Jindal, 2007), it’s rarely
used in the context of knowledge management. The use of
email is often confined to coordination and planning tasks
(Wasiak et al, 2011), (Matta et al, 2010) or in case of legal
issues. Enron case turned into a rich corpus for research about
communication and social networks (Diesner, 2005). We
focus in this paper on problem solving analysis e-mails. We
use pragmatics analysis and speech act in order to identify
corresponding sentence intentions by also linking speech acts
to project context and organization.
2 DESIGN PROBLEM SOLVING
Problem solving plays a central role in design projects. For
instance, in software design, developer’s deal with needs’
analysis, specification documents, implementation,
debugging and testing. This is especially true if the
development follow an agile method, with several round trips
from design to delivery.
According to Hardin (Hardin, 2002), “Any problem has at
least three components:
§ Givens: information and facts presenting context;
§ Goal: desired end state;
§ Operations: actions to be performed to reach end state;
Software development evolved quickly in the last two decade
from classic waterfall model to Extreme Programming and
currently to cyclic and iterative methods like Agile (Beck et
al, 2001). As a side effect round trips between product-owner
(contractor) and product-manager (developer) are more
frequent, leading to increased communication and
collaborative work. Typically, problem Solving sequences
happen on weekly (sometime daily) basis and imply all the
actors of the project, not only the development team.
Abstract: Computer mediated communication is ubiquitous in Software design projects. Email is used
for project coordination, but also for design, implementation and test. Especially with currents agile
development methods, it is very common to interact through computer meditated communication like
email, instant messaging and other collaborative tools in order to express functional needs, notify of
issues and take appropriate decisions. In this paper we propose a Knowledge Trace Retrieval (KTR)
system. It addresses the problem of retrieving elements of problem solving and design rationale inside
business emails from a project. Even if knowledge management tools and practices are well spread in
industry, they are rarely used for small projects. Our system aims at helping user retrieve traces of
problem solving knowledge in large corpus of email from a past project. The framework and
methodology is based on enhanced context (project data, user competencies and profiles), and use
machine learning technics and ranking algorithm.
KTR: an approach that supports Knowledge extraction from design interactions
Rauscher Francois, Matta Nada and Atifi Hassan
Institute ICD/Tech-CICO, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, BP. 2060, 10010 Troyes Cedex, France,
{ francois.rauscher, nada.matta, hassan.atifi}@utt.fr