Settlement Reorganisation and the Rebirth of the Ottoman Empire: Bayesian Modelling Narrows Dates for Post-Medieval Occupation at Kaman-Kalehöyük, Kırşehir Province, Turkey Rhona S. H. Fenwick 1 & Andrew S. Fairbairn 1 & Quan Hua 2 & Kimiyoshi Matsumura 3 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 Abstract The Ottoman reoccupation of the site of Kaman-Kalehöyük (Kırşehir Prov- ince, Turkey) apparently occurred sometime during the fifteenth century CE, a time of massive territorial and administrative transformation in the Empire. A rich suite of archaeobotanical material recovered from the site offers a potentially invalu- able source of information on Ottoman-era Anatolian agroeconomy, especially since historiographic research on the topic has uniformly ignored archaeological perspectives. Here we present results of a multi-proxy analysis aimed at estab- lishing an absolute multiphasic chronology for Kaman-Kalehöyük’ s Ottoman occupation, founded upon Bayesian statistical modelling of high-precision ra- diocarbon dates from cereal remains. We use the new chronology to position Kaman-Kalehöyük’ s resettlement within a historical context, allowing a new perspective on settlement responses to large-scale Ottoman sociopolitical change in Anatolia. Keywords Ottoman archaeology . Kaman-Kalehöyük . Anatolia . Bayesian chronology . AMS radiocarbon dating Int J Histor Archaeol DOI 10.1007/s10761-016-0367-0 * Rhona S. H. Fenwick fenwick.rhona@gmail.com 1 School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Q. 4072, Australia 2 Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia 3 Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archæology (JIAA), 3-10-31 Osawa Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan