A stage for nations: Spain and Latin America on display in the
twentieth century
Giulia Quaggio and Marcela García Sebastiani
ABSTRACT
The present dossier collects a series of multidisciplinary empirical
essays on the entangled relationship between Spanish identity and
exhibits. Since the nineteenth century Spain has been both a parti-
cipant and a venue for universal exhibitions, confronting itself with
an imagery dramatically divided between traditional representa-
tions and an advocated modernity. Despite being a country incap-
able of competing economically with other western imperial
powers, the case of Spain has a particular interest because of its
cultural diversity, nostalgia for a past great empire and presentation
as an exotic frontier between West and East, North and South of the
world. The research studies carried out here mostly focus on the
international scope of exhibitions and cover diferent transnational
phenomena, inserting diferent imagined communities in wider
and more ambitious spaces in Europe and Latin America. Notably,
some exhibitions convert into special instruments for shaping col-
lective identities in an interconnected Hispanic world in which post-
imperial Spanish national identity is a reference to link countries
and continents. Ultimately, all the essays move away from the
examination of exhibitions as public arenas of symbolic confict
between diferent identity proposals as singular places of collective
memory.
KEYWORDS
Spanish nationalism;
Exhibitions; Symbolic
Politics; Iberian and Latin
American Identities; Post-
Imperial nationalism.
Anderson´s nationalism studies took the lead in exploring the constructivist function of
exhibitions and world’s fairs as complex systems of cultural representation that shape
national identities and promote nation building processes (Anderson 1983). Since then,
much of recent scholarship concerning nationalism has worked to frame the study of
exhibitions as a stage on which various political, social and cultural entities perform and
imagine national identity in particular places and times. As material and public manifesta-
tions of the nation, these exhibitions have served as shared portraits of collective identity
viewed and understood in local, national, and international contexts. Typically, the diverse
actors who organize these events use exhibitions to ensure the promotion and dissemi-
nation of what they want to represent on their terms and, by extension, each nation’s
current political policy and international business agenda. Nevertheless, exhibitions also
crystallise criticism and sometimes help to strengthen conficting identities, emphasising
the cultural and political diversity of a country. Both the selection of symbolic contents by
public and private agents shown at the exhibitions and the perception of all these cultural
components participate in the process of imagination and construction of a distinctive
CONTACT GiuliaQuaggio giulquag@ucm.es; Marcela García Sebastiani mgarciasebastiani@cps.ucm.es
JOURNAL OF IBERIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES
2020, VOL. 26, NO. 3, 205–212
https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2020.1851916
© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group