Research Article Status of the Multidrug Resistance-1 Gene of Plasmodium falciparum in Four Malaria Epidemiological Strata, Two Decades after the Abolition of Chloroquine as First-Line Treatment for Uncomplicated Malaria in Cameroon David Denis Sofeu-Feugaing , 1 Fabrice Nkengeh Ajonglefac , 1 Marcel Nyuylam Moyeh , 1 Tobias Obejum Apinjoh , 2 Marianne Elodie Essende, 1 Gilchrist Destin Talla Kouam, 1 and Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon Correspondence should be ddressed to Dvid Denis Sofeu•Feuging; dsofeu@yhoo.com Received 27 April 2023; Revised 20 June 2023; Accepted 21 June 2023; Published 1 July 2023 Acdemic Editor: Jinbing Mu Copyright © 2023 Dvid Denis Sofeu•Feuging et l. Tis is n open ccess rticle distributed under the Cretive Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,ndreproductioninnymedium,providedtheoriginlworkis properly cited. Drug•resistnt mlri prsites pose  thret to globl mlri control eforts, nd it is importnt to know the extent of these drug•resistnt muttions in ech region to determine pproprite control mesures. Chloroquine (CQ) ws widely used in Cmeroon for decdes, but its declining clinicl efccy due to resistnce prompted helth uthorities in 2004 to resort to rtemisinin•bsedcombintiontherpy(ACT)sthefrst•linetretment foruncomplictedmlri.Despitenumerousefortsto control mlri, it persists, nd the emergence nd spred of resistnce to ACTs mke the development of new drugs or the possible reintroduction of discontinued drugs incresingly urgent. Mlri•positive blood smples were collected from 798 ptientsonWhtmnflterppertodeterminethesttusofresistncetoCQ.DNAwsextrctedbyboilinginChelexndnlysis of Plasmodium species.Fourhundred P.falciparum monoinfectedsmples,100perstudyre,weremplifedbynestedPCR,nd llele•specifc restriction nlysis of Pfmdr1 gene moleculr mrkers ws performed. Frgments were nlyzed using  3% ethidium bromide•stined grose gel. P. falciparum ws the most bundnt Plasmodium species, ccounting for 87.21% of P.falciparum monoinfectionsonly.Noinfectionwith P.vivax wsdetected.Temjorityofsmplescontinedthewildtypeforll 3SNPsevlutedonthePfmdr1genewithN86,Y184,ndD1246ccountingfor45.50%,40.00%,nd70.00%,respectively.Te mostbundnthplotypeobservedwstheY184D1246doublewildtypet43.70%.Teresultssuggesttht P. falciparum isthe mjor infecting species nd tht P. falciparum species with the susceptible genotype re grdully recpturing the prsite popultion. 1.Introduction Mlri remins  widespred public helth thret in sub• Shrn Afric, which ccounts for 95% of globl mlri morbidity nd mortlity [1]. Infnts, children under 5, pregnnt women, HIV•positive ptients, nd unimmunized migrntsfromnonmlriouscommunitiesremostfected [2, 3]. In 2022, there were 247 million estimted mlri cses nd 619,000 mlri•relted deths worldwide [4]. In Cmeroon, there were lmost 6.67 million cses nd over 14,000 deths [4]. Unfortuntely, there is no mlri•free zoneinCmeroon,ndlmost20millionpeopleliveinres with high mlri trnsmission, 41% of whom re expected to hve t lest one episode per yer [5]. Chemotherpy is currentlyoneoftheminstysofmlricontrol.However, the constnt emergence of resistnt strins of mlri pr• sites poses  thret to globl mlri control eforts. Chloroquine (CQ) ws the drug of choice for the tretment Hindawi Journal of Tropical Medicine Volume 2023, Article ID 6688380, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6688380