A Real-Time Insulin Injection System Mwaffaq Otoom 1 , Hussam Alshraideh 2 , Hisham M. Almasaeid 1 , Diego L´ opez-de-Ipi˜ na 3 , and Jos´ e Bravo 4 1 Yarmouk University, Jordan 2 Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan 3 University of Deusto, Spain 4 Castilla-La Mancha University, Spain Abstract. We develop a prototype for real-time blood sugar control based upon the hypothesis that there is a medical challenge in determin- ing the exact, real-time insulin dose. Our system controls blood sugar by observing the blood sugar level and automatically determining the ap- propriate insulin dose based on patient’s historical data all in real time. At the heart of our system is an algorithm that determines the appropri- ate insulin dose. Our algorithm consists of two phases. In the first phase, the algorithm identifies the insulin dose offline using a Markov Process based model. In the other phase, it recursively trains the web hosted Markov model to adapt to different human bodies’ responsiveness. Keywords: Diabetes, Insulin Management, Markov Processes, Web Man- agement. 1 Introduction Three hundred forty seven million people worldwide have diabetes [15]. The World Health Organization predicts that diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death in 2030. Furthermore, during their lifetime, diabetics may suffer from a devastating damage to many of their body systems, leading to hardships not just for the diabetics themselves but also for their families and national economies. Such damages include, but not limited to, cardiovascular, foot ulcers, diabetic retinopathy, and kidney failure [7]. Blood sugar level for an individual is a function of multiple factors includ- ing demographics, diet, exercises, and medications. Medically, determining the proper insulin dose is done in an ad-hoc manner by a diabetes consultant [9]. Since most of the aforementioned factors are varying over time, the determina- tion of insulin dose becomes a continuous process that needs medical supervision and intervention, on almost a daily basis. It is worth pointing out that the re- sponsiveness to the same dose of insulin may vary among patients, even if they share the same conditions mentioned earlier. One key solution to stop the negative effects of diabetes is the continuous administration of insulin. However, it is usually difficult for elderly, inexperienced people to maintain this continuity. Furthermore, there is a medical challenge to