47
Journal of Transdisciplinary Biomedicine (2017) Volume 1 Issue 1, pp.47-52.
doi: 1024294/jtb.v1i1.5
Short Communication
Molecular profling of genetic alterations in selected non-small
cell lung cancer on formalin-fxed paraffn-embedded tissue
specimens
Tiffany SY Ng
1
, Pathmanathan Rajadurai
2
, and Yoke Kqueen Cheah
1,3,4*
1
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia
2
School of Medicine, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3
Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
4
Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Lung cancer arises as a result of multiple genetic alterations and environmental influences such as
cigarette smoking, radiation and air pollution. Molecular classification of these alterations may help in
the development of individualised anticancer therapies. In this study, Ion Torrent technology was used to
sequence genomic material extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumours. Multiple
genetic variants were identifed in each tumour sample. About 65% of the identifed mutations occurred in
the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic
subunit alpha (PIK3CA) genes. Results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of using FFPE material in
next-generation sequencing (NGS). In conclusion, specifc key mutations associated with human cancers are
identifed.
Keywords: NGS; Ion Torrent; FFPE; mutations; lung cancer
ARTICLE INFO
Received: 17
th
April 2017
Accepted: 20
th
July 2017
Available online: 27
th
July 2017
*CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Yoke Kqueen Cheah, Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia; ykcheah@upm.edu.my
CITATION
Tiffany SYN, Padmanathan R, Cheah
YK. Molecular profling of genetic
alterations in selected non-small-
cell lung cancer on formalin-fxed
paraffn-embedded tissue specimens. J
Transdiscip Biomed 2017; 1(1): 47–52.
doi: 10.24294/jtb.v1i1.5.
COPyRIGHT
Copyright © 2017 by author(s) and
EnPress Publisher LLC. This work is
licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs
4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC-
ND 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Introduction
Multiple genetic alterations have been identifed in the tumorigenesis of
lung cancer
[1]
. Studies have shown that cancers carry multiple genetic and
epigenetic changes, indicating activation of oncogenes and inactivation of
tumour suppressor genes during the process of tumorigenesis leading to
the development of lung cancer
[2]
. Treatment options vary for non-small-
cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring different mutations; therefore, the
characterization of these genetic alterations is important in the development
of personalised therapy of NSCLC. Information of genetic alterations
in human cancers has made it possible to classify tumours according to
the driver mutations they harbour with regard to the molecular pathways
activated or inactivated by these genetic alterations, and serve as predictive
biomarkers, thus influencing the type of therapeutic agents to be used in
management
[3]
.
In recent years, a revolution in sequencing technologies had taken
place. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has now been widely applied
in various research settings such as whole genome sequencing, targeted
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing, ribonucleic acid (RNA) se-
quencing, and epigenomics
[4]
. Major discoveries from NGS have reported
to provide better insights into the complexities of the NSCLC genome. For
example, lung tumours have been shown to harbour multiple genetic and
epigenetic aberrations (>20 per tumour)
[5]
.
This paper describes the use of Ion Torrent (Life Technologies) NGS
platform on selected formalin-fxed paraffn-embedded (FFPE) tumour from
NSCLC patients and the results obtained from NGS analysis.