130 | wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jam J Appl Microbiol. 2022;133:130–144. © 2021 The Society for Applied Microbiology
INTRODUCTION
Alcoholic fermentation of grape is one of the world's
economic most important transformation processes.
Winemaking generates approximately 20%–25% volume
of by-products, known as grape pomace, composed of a
mix of grape skins and seeds (Theagarajan et al., 2019).
This organic waste represents a serious environmental
Received: 15 September 2021
|
Revised: 12 October 2021
|
Accepted: 1 November 2021
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15354
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of grape pomace from red cultivar 'Nero d’Avola' on
the microbiological, physicochemical, phenolic profile and
sensory aspects of ovine Vastedda-like stretched cheese
Pietro Barbaccia
|
Gabriele Busetta
|
Marcella Barbera
|
Antonio Alfonzo
|
Giuliana Garofalo
|
Nicola Francesca
|
Angelo Moscarelli
|
Giancarlo Moschetti
|
Luca Settanni
|
Raimondo Gaglio
P. Barbaccia and G. Busetta contributed equally.
Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie,
Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli
Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Correspondence
Raimondo Gaglio, Dipartimento
Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali,
Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo,
Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo,
Italy.
Email: raimondo.gaglio@unipa.it
Funding information
This work was financially supported
by the project for industrial research
'Integrated approach to product
development innovations in the leading
sectors of the Sicilian agri-food sector'
Prog. F/050267/03/X32 - COR 109494 -
CUP: B78I17000260008 of the Ministry
of the Economic Development, General
Management for Business Incentives.
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to functionalize an ovine stretched cheese be-
longing to 'Vastedda' typology with red grape pomace powder (GPP) of Nero d’Avola
cultivar and to characterize the microbiological, physicochemical, phenolic profile
and sensory characteristics of the final cheeses.
Methods and Results: Before cheeses production, GPP was characterized for its
microbiological profile, antibacterial activity and polyphenolic content. No colo-
nies of bacteria and yeasts were detected in the GPP. GPP showed a large inhibition
spectrum against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. Three classes of polyphenolic
compounds belonging to flavan-3-ols, flavonol and phenolic acids were identified.
Two cheeses [0 and 1% (w w
−1
) of GPP] were produced with pasteurized ewe's milk
and commercial starter cultures. Plate counts and randomly amplified polymorphic
DNA analysis demonstrated the ability of the starter strains to drive the fermentation
process in the presence of GPP. GPP enrichment resulted in an increase of protein,
phenolic compounds, sensory traits and reduced fat.
Conclusions: GPP addition to cheese represents an optimal strategy for the valori-
zation of winemaking by-products and to obtain polyphenol-enriched cheese.
Significance and Impact of the Study: This study allowed to achieve an ovine
cheese with specific physicochemical, nutraceutical and sensorial characteristics
able to enlarge the functional dairy product portfolio.
KEYWORDS
commercial starter culture, functional dairy product, grape pomace powder, ovine stretched
cheese, physicochemical properties, polyphenolic profile
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