© Santiago Napoli, 2023 | DOI:10.1163/9789004532984_012
11
“Still Fichte”: Individual, State, and Democracy in
J.D. Perón’s Organized Community
Santiago Napoli
Abstract
J. G. Fichte has a prominent place in J. D. Perón’s philosophical-political text from
1949, La Comunidad Organizada (An Organized Community). The name of the German
philosopher appears twice throughout the speech given by the president of Argentina
at that time. In both mentions by Perón, Fichte plays a role as a moderator between
two opposing philosophical tensions and at the same time contributes to a new
conception of community outlined by Perón in the context of the first internationally
renowned congress of philosophy organized in Argentina. Perón highlights Fichte’s
political thought as a position that promotes the realization of the individual through
community. In his closing speech, the president places Fichte’s figure above what he
considers two philosophical deviations of his time: selfish individualism, on the one
hand, and Hegelian statism—and its Marxist materialistic derivation—on the other.
The “third position” proposed by Perón defends a concept of community in which
Fichte has a privileged voice.
1 Introduction
We are in the city of Mendoza, Argentina on 9 April 1949. That day, the closing
conference of the First National Philosophy Congress will take place. We are
about to witness an unprecedented event, both for the country and for all
of Latin America. The keynote speech will be given by President Lieutenant
General Juan Domingo Perón. In the boxes, we observe the attentive eyes of
some nationally ranked ministers, internationally renowned philosophers,
university deans and rectors, the young Eva Perón, among other well-known
personalities. Under all of their watchful eyes, President Perón presents the
philosophical guidelines of the project he conceived for the entire nation.
During that long exposition we hear the name of a relatively unknown thinker
of that time, perhaps completely unknown to most of the public. In his speech,
Perón mentions a German philosopher who died more than one hundred and