Copyright © 2009 ICCES ICCES, vol.10, no.2, pp.41-50
Towards standardising the fatigue crack simulation studies
on metallic materials
S. M. Beden
1
, S. Abdullah
1
and A. K. Ariffin
1
Summary
Fatigue crack growth as consequence of service loads depends on many dif-
ferent contributing factors. This paper describes the fatigue crack growth behavior
of metallic materials under cyclic loading towards standardizing the fatigue crack
studies on metallic materials. For the simulation purpose, three points bend (TPB)
with span to width ratio 8:1 and compact tension (CT) specimens geometry were
used. There are many factors affecting the fatigue crack growth in structures, such
as fatigue crack growth model, stress ratio, aspect ratio and type of geometry. The
behavior of such cases is shown using different fatigue crack models (Paris, For-
man and Austen). These models gave different fatigue crack growth behavior. The
fatigue crack growth obtained from two specimens geometry was compared. Dif-
ferent values of these factors showed different effects on the fatigue crack growth.
For further study need to validate the modelling procedure with experimental work
as well as take into account the other factors such as; other types of geometries with
fatigue crack models and environmental effects.
keywords: Cyclic loading, factors; fatigue crack growth model; geometry;
simulation.
Introduction
The problem of crack growth is a major issue in the prediction and maintenance
of aerospace structures, as well as other structural elements in mechanical and civil
engineering projects. For the last three decades, fracture mechanics have been the
main tool with which such problems have been treated. The fracture mechanics
scientists and engineers have made tremendous advances, from the basic practical
approach dominated by Paris–Erdogan law (1963), to more and more sophisticated
crack growth models. Mathematical and metallurgical models, experimental analy-
sis of simple models and testing of complex structures have resulted in thousands of
publications, dozens of models for crack growth and life prediction. In some cases
the difficulty of machining a full-size specimen has made investigators to design
sub-size specimens (Jeelani, Natarajan and Reddy, 1986). There are many factors
affecting the fatigue crack growth in structures, such as; stress ratio, thickness of
the specimen or aspect ratio, types of specimen’s geometry, fatigue crack growth
model etc. A major concern of fracture mechanics is the influence of the load ratio
on the behavior of cracks. This is expressed in the stress ratio (R), which is clas-
sically defined as: the ratio of minimum to maximum applied stresses (Ellyn and
1
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University KebangsaanMalaysia. E-mail:
shahrum@eng.ukm.my (S. Abdullah)