American Journal of Materials Science 2015, 5(3C): 74-76
DOI: 10.5923/c.materials.201502.15
Post-ECAP Ageing Treatment of Aluminum 6063 Alloy
T. S. Shanon
1
, N. Ahmed
1
, M. Bharath
1
, J. Valder
2,*
, M. Rijesh
3
1
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Surathkal, Karnataka
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph Engineering College, Mangalore, Karnataka
3
Department of Metallurgy, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Koovapally, Kanjirapally, Kerala
Abstract Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) has attracted much attention from the material community, because of
its ability to produce ultrafine grained microstructures. The advantage in ECAP is that a large amount of strain can be
imposed on the material without a significant change in geometric shape or cross section. In the present work, the effect of
ECAP on the ageing of aluminum 6063 alloy was studied. The samples were first solutionized, followed by ECAP and were
then aged at a temperature of 175°C. Multipass pressings were conducted on the billets for different processing routes such as
routes- A, B
A
, B
C
and C. The pressings were performed at room temperature using a die having a channel angle of 150°. Post
ECAP ageing was found to reduce the ageing time considerably till three passes.
Keywords ECAP, Hardness, Route, Ageing, Strain
1. Introduction
The effective post ECAP strengthening through low
temperature ageing was linked to higher dislocation
accumulation rate in the solutionized matrix, avoidance of
fragmentation of precipitates in the pre ECAP peak aged
alloy after few passes of ECAP, suppression of recovery by
precipitation on the sub structure after ECAP and reduction
of ageing temperature and accelerated ageing kinetics at low
temperatures induced by a high dislocation density [1].
Ageing of 6082 alloy after severe plastic deformation
revealed that a proper combination of grain-refinement
strengthening and age-hardening can be fully exploited in
solution annealed ultra fine grained (UFG) alloys only when
isothermal ageing is performed at temperatures significantly
lower than conventional values and for shorter periods.
Ageing conditions have found to be tailored to specific
amount of strain imparted during severe plastic deformation
(SPD) and to alloy composition [2].
Micro-hardness evaluation as a function of ageing time
can be used to study the effect of ECAP passes on the
kinetics of isothermal ageing. It was found that even a single
ECAP pass significantly accelerates the ageing kinetics of
6082 alloy. Ageing revealed to be more effective at 130°C
rather than at 160°C and 180°C by virtue of the
comparatively slower kinetics and of the limited over-ageing
effects. The improvement in hardness achieved after
optimised post-ECAP ageing was significant for the samples
subjected to a limited amount of plastic strain but became
* Corresponding author:
jamesvalder@gmail.com (J. Valder)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/materials
Copyright © 2015 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
negligible after a relatively large number of ECAP passes [3].
So the present study is carried out to know the effect of post
ageing on 6063 aluminium alloy processed by ECAP by
various routes at 175°C.
2. Experimental Details
The material used in this work was 6063 aluminium alloy
with the composition given in Table 1. The experiments were
carried out using samples machined to size of 20 mm radius
and 60 mm height which was solutionized at 525°C for 1.5h.
The die angles of ø: 150° and ѱ: 30° were chosen for ECAP.
The schematic diagram of ECAP process is shown in
Figure 1 [4]. The pressings were carried out by route A, B
A
,
B
C
and C up to three numbers of passes at room temperature.
The four different processing routes are summarized
schematically in Figure 2 [5]. After each pass the samples
were cut into 8 equal sections for ageing and hardness studies.
The ageing treatment was carried out at 175°C for different
times. The hardness was measured before and after
respective ageing treatments.
3. Results and Discussion
The hardness testing conducted on the samples (before
ECAP) aged for durations between 1 and 8 hours, gave a
peak hardness value of 96 BHN between 6 and 8 hours. The
hardness profile of the samples processed by first pass
showed that the peak hardness was obtained between 1 and 3
hours of ageing, clearly indicating that ECAP reduced the
ageing time. Peak hardness of 82 BHN was obtained,
following which there was a constant drop in the hardness
indicating over ageing, as shown in figure 3. The phenomena