Citation: Haryanto, Haryanto, Harry
Suharman, Poppy Sofia Koeswayo,
and Haryono Umar. 2022. Enhancing
Employee Engagement in Indonesian
Logistics and Forwarders Industry:
The Moderating Role of a Democratic
Leadership Style. Economies 10: 284.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
economies10110284
Academic Editor: ¸ Stefan
Cristian Gherghina
Received: 4 September 2022
Accepted: 9 November 2022
Published: 15 November 2022
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economies
Article
Enhancing Employee Engagement in Indonesian Logistics and
Forwarders Industry: The Moderating Role of a Democratic
Leadership Style
Haryanto Haryanto
1,
* , Harry Suharman
1
, Poppy Sofia Koeswayo
1
and Haryono Umar
2
1
Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 45363,
Indonesia
2
Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Perbanas Institute, Jakarta 12940, Indonesia
* Correspondence: haryanto2689@gmail.com or haryanto20001@mail.unpad.ac.id; Tel.: +62-8111517989
Abstract: The quality of employee skills and job commitments, measured based on their retention,
is essential in the current rapidly changing technological world. This study aimed to identify the
influences of corporate governance (CG), internal control (IC), and corporate reputation (CR) on
employee engagement (EE) with democratic leadership style as the moderating variable. Data from
276 companies with 606 respondents were collected using a Google form questionnaire sent to
logistics companies that are members of the Indonesian Logistics and Forwarders Association (ILFA)
and analyzed using the Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS–SEM) with the help
of SmartPLS 4.0.7.8 software. The results showed that corporate governance, reputation, and internal
control positively influence employee engagement. Furthermore, the democratic leadership style
does not strengthen the effects of corporate governance, internal control, and corporate reputation on
employee engagement. This implies that leaders of the Indonesian logistics and forwarders industry
should find a more suitable leadership style for their respective organizations because democratic
leadership may not always be the best choice.
Keywords: leadership style; corporate governance; internal control; corporate reputation; employee
engagement
1. Introduction
One of the goals of every company is to maintain business continuity and survival,
which requires them to have the resources to adapt to changes in their environment. This
means that the quality of employee skills and job commitments, measured based on their
retention rates, is essential in the current rapidly changing technological world. In line with
this, employee engagement (EE) is reflected in urgency, intensity, focus, enthusiasm, persis-
tence, role expansion, and adaptability (Macey et al. 2009). According to lastminute.com
(2019), Indonesia is ranked first among the most chilled-out countries. This lastminute
rank can lead to an indirect conclusion that Indonesian workers have a lower sense of
urgency or work commitment. In addition, based on the record of Indonesia’s Ministry
of Manpower, the employee turnover rate in Indonesia is also recorded high. This fact
was revealed by Mr. Marajohan, the Head of Infrastructure and IT Security at the Ministry
of Manpower, by stating that an unconducive work environment is one of the dominant
factors in delivering a high employee turnover rate in the country (Marajohan 2016). Low
work commitment and high turnover rate are two main factors which directly relate to
employee engagement level.
Employee engagement is important in order to provide the best environment, phys-
ically and psychologically, while working because it tends to influence the company’s
effectiveness and efficiency (Kahn 1990). This raises the question of whether Indonesians
Economies 2022, 10, 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10110284 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/economies