Citation: Cheng, Y.-J.; Kao, L.;
Weng, C.-w. Corrigendum of a
Theorem on New Upper Bounds for
the α-Indices. Comment on Lenes et
al. New Bounds for the α-Indices of
Graphs. Mathematics 2020, 8, 1668.
Mathematics 2022, 10, 2619. https://
doi.org/10.3390/math10152619
Received: 7 June 2022
Accepted: 25 July 2022
Published: 27 July 2022
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mathematics
Comment
Corrigendum of a Theorem on New Upper Bounds for the
α-Indices. Comment on Lenes et al. New Bounds for the
α-Indices of Graphs. Mathematics 2020, 8, 1668
Yen-Jen Cheng *, Louis Kao and Chih-wen Weng
Department of Applied Mathematics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road,
Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; chihpengkao.am03g@g2.nctu.edu.tw (L.K.); weng@math.nctu.edu.tw (C.-w.W.)
* Correspondence: yjc7755@nycu.edu.tw
Abstract: We give a family of counterexamples of a theorem on a new upper bound for the α-indices
of graphs in the paper that is mentioned in the title. We also provide a new upper bound for
corrigendum.
Keywords: nonnegative matrix; graph; index; α-index
MSC: 05C50; 15A42
The Statement, Counterexamples, and Corrigendum
Let C be an n × n real symmetric matrix. The index of C, denoted by ρ(C), is the largest
eigenvalue of C. Let G =(V, E) be a connected graph of order n = |V| and size m = | E|
with adjacency matrix A(G) and diagonal matrix D(G) of degree sequence. Nikiforov [1]
proposed the following matrix:
A
α
(G)= αD(G)+(1 − α) A(G),
where 0 ≤ α ≤ 1. The α-index of G, denoted by ρ
α
(G), is the index of A
α
(G). E. Lenes,
E. Mallea-Zepeda, and J. Rodríguez [2] (Theorem 4) gave the following upper bound for
ρ
α
(G).
ρ
α
(G) ≤
δ − 1 + α +
(δ + 1 − α)
2
+ 4(2m − nδ)(1 − α)
2
, (1)
where δ is the minimum degree of G.
The upper bound of ρ
α
(G) in (1) is not true by the following family of counterexamples.
Example 1. It was shown in [1] that the α-index of the star graph K
1,n−1
is
ρ
α
(K
1,n−1
)=
1
2
αn +
α
2
n
2
+ 4(n − 1)(1 − 2α)
.
Suppose α = 0. Then
lim
n→∞
ρ
α
(K
1,n−1
)
αn
= 1. (2)
Applying δ = 1 for K
1,n−1
with n ≥ 2 in (1), we find
ρ
α
(K
1,n−1
) ≤
1
2
α +
(2 − α)
2
+ 4(n − 2)(1 − α)
∼ n
1
2
.
Hence
lim
n→∞
ρ
α
(K
1,n−1
)
αn
= 0,
Mathematics 2022, 10, 2619. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10152619 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/mathematics