39
International Journal
of Innovation and
Knowledge Management
in Middle East & North
Africa Vol. 2 No. 1, 2013
IJIKMMENA
2,1
Copyright © 2013 WASD
The current issue and full text archive of this journal
is available at http://www.worldsustainable.org
INCUBATORS BASED ON
INNOVATION IN FRANCE
Hanadi Mubarak AL-Mubaraki
1
Kuwait University, Kuwait
Jerry Kolo
2
American University of Sharjah, UAE
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) discuss and analyze the
adoption of incubators based on the innovation in France as successful case
studies, and (2) identify the ratio of performance indicators of successful in-
cubators.
Methodology: The investigation and analysis of literature is an accepted form
of desk-based research that compares the works of different authors. This type
of approach is closely qualitative (multi-case studies, literature review) and
allows a broader assessment of a particular and real situation.
Results: The results of the literature review and case studies indicate the val-
ue-added capability of incubators: job creation, entrepreneurship, technology
transfer, commercialization, reduction of indirect start-up costs for compa-
nies, and graduation companies in the market. The results also show qualita-
tive responses used to determine success rates and key indicators of incubators
in various settings.
Keywords: Incubators, Economic development, Employment creation
1
Dr. Hanadi Mubarak AL-Mubaraki, Collage of Engineering & Petroleum, Kuwait
University, P. O. Box 39964, Nuzha, KUWAIT, Email: pro5383526@yahoo.com
2
Professor Jerry Kolo, School of Architecture and Design, American University
of Sharjah (AUS), Sharjah, UAE, Email: jerrykplan@gmail.com