Abstract—Recently electric vehicles are becoming popular as an alternative of conventional fossil fuel vehicles. Conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle uses fossil fuel which contributing a major part of overall carbon emission in the environment. Carbon and other green house gas emission are responsible for global warming and resulting climate change. It becomes vital to evaluate performance of vehicle based on emission. In this paper an effort has been made to depict the picture of emission caused by vehicle and scenario of Australia has taken into account. Effort has been made to compare the fossil based vehicle with electric vehicle in phases. The study also evaluates advancement in electric vehicle technology, required infrastructure for sustainability and future scope of developments. This paper also includes the evaluation of electric vehicle concept for pollution control and sustainable transport systems in future. This study can be a benchmark for development of electric vehicle as low carbon emission alternative for the cities of tomorrow. Keywords—Electric Vehicle, Fossil Fuel, Internal Combustion Engine, Green House Gas, In wheel motor, Smart grid I. INTRODUCTION UTOMOTIVE industry has a vital role in today’s society but current state of automotive industry needs improvements for sustainability concerning climate change, air pollution, global warming, and noise, congestion and accident prevention. Among these, pollution is of major concern due to increasing number of vehicles on the road. Most of the cars on the planet are Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle using fossil fuel as main source of energy. These internal combustion engine Vehicles emit toxic gas and still classified as less efficient engine. Millions of these vehicles on planet causing environmental issues like greenhouse effect as atmospheric heating and air pollution by their emission and wasted heat generated by their inefficiency. To effectively resolve these environmental issues, electric vehicle is chosen by many automotive manufacturers. Most of the manufacturers are already advancing in development of alternative fuel cars to address the issue of carbon emission. Government and regulatory bodies are studying safety, design and maintenance related issues for alternative fuel technologies. M.M. Al Emran Hasan, PhD candidate, Faculty of Engineering & Industrial Sciences Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3122 (email: mhasan@swin.edu.au) Dr. Mehran Motamed Ektesabi, Senior Lecturer – Robotics and Mechatronics, Research Higher Degree Coordinator, Faculty of Engineering & Industrial Sciences Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3122.(email: mektesabi@swin.edu.au) Prof. Ajay Kapoor, Associate Dean (Research), Faculty of Engineering & Industrial Sciences Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3122. (email: akapoor@swin.edu.au There are potential issues concerning development of electric vehicles mainly infrastructure include charging stations, effect on power grids, energy management. On the other side weight of the car due to number of batteries, range coverage, system integration, psychological acceptance, charging times and other issues to be resolved. II. RESEARCH MOTIVATION Automotive industry is a big contributor for economic development of a country. In Australia, around 14.8 millions of registered vehicles [1] are on the road, adding up export value of 3,123 million dollars to economy [2]. This includes 1,280 million dollars component export, component sales and more than 50,188 people working in the industry. There are several kinds of vehicle with alternative fuel other than oil- driven vehicle. The choices of travel will be essential for the success of sustainable transport which justifies the importance of more research on electric vehicle and its sustainability. Gasoline is troubled with serious environmental hazards and political risk. If the supply chain interrupts due to the confrontation in the oil exporting countries then it becomes a risk for the automotive industries all over the world. Public awareness, seeing the adverse situation of the environment, have increased around the world, the demand of less pollutant and more fuel efficient transports got a hike. This change in consumer’s behavior has been already noticed by automotive industry. People are eager to have smaller cars with lower fuel consumption or use cheap alternative energy sources. Governments around the world are also imposing new rules and regulation to reduce emissions from cars. To fight against the global warming, an international environmental treaty, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change the UNFCCC has assigned amount of carbon reduction in Kyoto Protocol. According to the Kyoto Protocol developed country parties are to reduce greenhouse gas emission within the first commitment period from 2008 to 2012. Over the first commitment period Australia has the assigned target to limit greenhouse gas to 108 per cent of the levels they were in 1990. To implement this scheme, potential future transport system for having zero emission and possibility of managing energy crisis is the major reason for why study should be done on electric vehicle. III. TRANSPORT AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT A. Transport and fuel consumption Transportation is the mean of economic development which gives assess to market. So vehicle has to run to run the wheel of economy. Around the world the number of vehicle is increasing. Emphasizing the scenario in Australia some more information about the transport from Australian Bureau of M.M. Al Emran Hasan, M.Ektesabi , and A.Kapoor Pollution Control and Sustainable Urban Transport System - Electric Vehicle A World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Transport and Vehicle Engineering Vol:5, No:6, 2011 374 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 5(6) 2011 ISNI:0000000091950263 Open Science Index, Transport and Vehicle Engineering Vol:5, No:6, 2011 publications.waset.org/7524/pdf