1 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ISSN: 2583-4053 Volume-2 Issue-2 || April 2023 || PP. 1-7 https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.1 Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology www.jrasb.com A Review on Plants and Plant/Microbial Systems in Reducing Exposure Parwiz Niazi 1 , Abdul Wahid Monib 2 and Azizaqa Azizi 3 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Kandahar University, Kandahar, AFGHANISTAN and Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, TURKEY. 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Kandahar University, Kandahar, AFGHANISTAN and School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, INDIA. 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Parwan University, Parwan, AFGHANISTAN. 1 Corresponding Author: parwiz60@gmail.com www.jrasb.com || Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): April Issue Received: 19-02-2023 Revised: 12-03-2023 Accepted: 22-03-2023 ABSTRACT Plants and plant-microbial compounds can be a viable means of remediating contaminated soils, in this review, two approaches to phytoremediation are discussed, the first approach how plants can promote the growth of degrading microorganisms in the soil rhizosphere, which can lead to enhanced degradation of chlorinated pesticides; the second approach focuses on the potential of plants to remove and accumulate metals from their environment, a unique test system, the Target Neighbor Method, is used to evaluate how plant density affects metal uptake, these studies could provide valuable information for optimizing plant density to improve metal removal and remediate metal-contaminated soils or to minimize toxic metal accumulation in crops and reduce human exposure. Keywords- Rhizosphere, microbial degradation, environmental remediation, metal. I. INTRODUCTION Plants are multicellular organisms that play a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystem, they are responsible for producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide, and provide food and shelter for numerous other organisms, plants maintain complex relationships with microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, which can have both positive and negative effects on plant health (Keddy, P. 2007). The rhizosphere, or the region around plant roots where microorganisms interact with the plant, is a significant plant/microbial system, microorganisms in the rhizosphere can assist plants in absorbing nutrients, fighting off diseases, and enduring abiotic conditions like heat or drought, on the other hand, some microbes in the rhizosphere can also harm plant roots and spread disease (Beerling, D. 2017). Another important plant/microbial relationship is the plant microbiome, which refers to the community of microorganisms living inside and on the surface of plants, the plant microbiome can influence plant growth, health, and disease resistance as well as the quality of the food that plants produce (Aislabie, J., et al., 2013). Many agricultural strategies, such as the use of plant growth- promoting bacteria and fungi to increase crop yields and lessen the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, have been developed as a result of research in plant/microbial systems, yet, additional study is required to completely comprehend the complexity of plant/microbial interactions and create environmentally friendly agriculture techniques (Elnahal, A. S., et al., 2022). Global concern is raised by the threat that environmental pollution and contamination pose to both human health and ecology, excavation, and incineration are two common cleanup techniques that can be costly and cause secondary contamination, as a result, environmentally friendly and sustainable methods are growing in popularity as a means of lowering exposure to dangerous compounds in the environment, examples include employing plants and plant/microbial systems