Overview of LifeCLEF 2019: Identification of Amazonian Plants, South & North American Birds, and Niche Prediction Alexis Joly 1(B ) , Herv´ e Go¨ eau 2 , Christophe Botella 1,3 , Stefan Kahl 7 , Maximillien Servajean 8 , Herv´ e Glotin 4 , Pierre Bonnet 2 , Robert Planqu´ e 5 , Fabian Robert-St¨ oter 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 , Willem-Pier Vellinga 5 , and Henning M¨ uller 6 1 Inria, LIRMM, Montpellier, France alexis.joly@inria.fr 2 CIRAD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France 3 INRA, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France 4 Univ. Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LIS, DYNI SABIOD, Marseille, France 5 Xeno-canto Foundation, Vlieland, The Netherlands 6 HES-SO, Sierre, Switzerland 7 Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany 8 LIRMM, Universit´ e Paul Val´ ery, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France Abstract. Building accurate knowledge of the identity, the geographic distribution and the evolution of living species is essential for a sus- tainable development of humanity, as well as for biodiversity conserva- tion. Unfortunately, such basic information is often only partially avail- able for professional stakeholders, teachers, scientists and citizens, and often incomplete for ecosystems that possess the highest diversity. In this context, an ultimate ambition is to set up innovative information systems relying on the automated identification and understanding of living organisms as a means to engage massive crowds of observers and boost the production of biodiversity and agro-biodiversity data. The Life- CLEF 2019 initiative proposes three data-oriented challenges related to this vision, in the continuity of the previous editions but with several consistent novelties intended to push the boundaries of the state-of-the- art in several research directions. This paper describes the methodology of the conducted evaluations as well as the synthesis of the main results and lessons learned. 1 LifeCLEF Lab Overview Identifying organisms is a key for accessing information related to the uses and ecology of species. This is an essential step in recording any specimen on earth to be used in ecological studies. Unfortunately, this is difficult to achieve due to the level of expertise necessary to correctly record and identify living organisms (for instance plants are one of the most difficult groups to identify with an c  Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 F. Crestani et al. (Eds.): CLEF 2019, LNCS 11696, pp. 387–401, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28577-7_29