Astuti et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2022; 12(4):64-67 ISSN: 2250-1177 [64] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO Available online on 15.07.2022 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research Copyright © 2011-2022 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited Open Access Full Text Article Research Article Formulation and Evaluation of Patch Preparations for Respiratory Relief from a Blend of Extracts and Essential Oils of Ginger Rhizome Ratnaningsih Dewi Astuti, Sarmalina Simamora, Tedi, Muhamad Taswin Lecturer of the Department of Pharmacy, Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Palembang, Indonesia Article Info: _______________________________________________ Article History: Received 23 May 2022 Reviewed 30 June 2022 Accepted 09 July 2022 Published 15 July 2022 _______________________________________________ Cite this article as: Astuti RD, Simamora S, Tedi, Taswin M, Formulation and Evaluation of Patch Preparations for Respiratory Relief from a Blend of Extracts and Essential Oils of Ginger Rhizome , Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2022; 12(4):64-67 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4.5448 _______________________________________________ *Address for Correspondence: Ratnaningsih Dewi Astuti, Lecturer of the Department of Pharmacy, Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Palembang, Indonesia Abstract ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) - a plant from the Zingiberaceae family containing 2-3% essential oil- has proven to have a good effect on loosening the chest cavity. In this study, pharmaceutical preparations for respiratory tablets in the form of patches have been developed, which are used by placing them on the skin, clothes or masks associated with the user. A patch formula containing a mixture of 3% ginger extract and ginger essential oil was created at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%, respectively, with variations of PVA and PVP as polymers to control the release of ginger essential oil as a breathing reliever. Each preparation with ginger essential oil content used PVA and PVP with variations of 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2. The practices were evaluated for 21 days on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. The evaluations carried out were pH, weight uniformity, patch thickness, folding resistance, color and odor changes, moisture content and organoleptic tests. After obtaining long-lasting results, an irritation test was carried out on the respondents. The results showed that during storage for 21 days, the pH was in the range of 5.14-6.11, weight uniformity ranged from 1.24 g-1.65 g, humidity 7.18%-8.88%, and folding endurance >300 times. The variation of PVA and PVP shows that the higher the PVP content, the weight of the patch increases and the humidity decreases. So it can be concluded that a good formula is a formula with variations of PVA and PVP 1: 1.5 and ginger essential oil content of 0.3%. After obtaining long-lasting results, an irritation test was carried out on the respondents. The results showed that during storage for 21 days, the pH was in the range of 5.14-6.11, weight uniformity ranged from 1.24 g-1.65 g, humidity 7.18%-8.88%, and folding endurance >300 times. These alterations, do not change color and odor nor irritate the respiratory tract. The variation of PVA and PVP shows that the higher the PVP content, the weight of the patch increases, and the humidity decreases. So it can be concluded that a good formula is a formula with variations of PVA and PVP 1: 1.5 and ginger essential oil content of 0.3%; the weight of the patch increases, and the humidity decreases. So it can be concluded that a good formula is a formula with variations of PVA and PVP 1: 1.5 and ginger essential oil content of 0.3%. Keywords: ginger essential oil, respiratory lozenges, patch, PVA, PVP INTRODUCTION Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a plant from the Zingiberaceae family, which is widely used as traditional medicine in various countries. In China, ginger reduces nausea, gastritis and gastric ulcers, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, coughs, and rheumatism. In India, ginger is also used to reduce nausea, treat asthma cough, reduce severe and sudden pain, overcome heart palpitations, treat digestive disorders, and treat rheumatism. Most Europeans also consume ginger tea to treat indigestion. The part used is the rhizome which contains 2-3% essential oil. The chemical constituents are zingiberene, cineol, limonene, geraniol, citral, eucalyptol and camphor. The ginger essential oil has been used traditionally to treat various problems in the respiratory tract. It has been scientifically proven by several studies showing the effect of loosening the chest cavity. Therefore, in this study, a pharmaceutical preparation for respiratory lozenges in the form of a patch will be developed (Mao et al., 2019). The patch is a medicinal preparation in the form of an adhesive to be placed on the skin, has different sizes and is maintained for an extended time. Patches can be used by affixed to the skin, clothes or other materials related to the user. Patch preparations circulating in the market are nicotine patches, wound plasters, and transdermal patches. This research will develop a patch preparation containing ginger oil for respiratory tablets that can be used for children and adults. Patch-forming materials are polymers such as PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) and PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol), which are types of synthetic polymers that can produce thin and flexible preparations because the nature of the substance makes it easier to adjust the shape and content (Journal et al., 2016). In addition, applying polymers from patch preparations is a substance to control drug release and can be used to formulate various controlled drug delivery systems. This is very useful for releasing active substances in the form of oil to help relieve breathing. According to Fatmasari (2017), who researched patch preparations, NaF, PVA and PVP have the best combination in a 2:1 ratio compared to others, namely 1:1 and 1:2. This is the basis of this research to make a patch containing a mixture of ginger extract with various concentrations of ginger oil by varying PVA and PVP and test its effectiveness as a respiratory lozenge.