~ 37 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal 2023; 12(12): 37-49 ISSN (E): 2277-7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.23 TPI 2023; 12(12): 37-49 © 2023 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 14-10-2023 Accepted: 18-11-2023 Longjam Boris Singh Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thoubal, Manipur, India Dr. S Zeshmarani Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thoubal, Manipur, India Chuwang Hijam Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thoubal, Manipur, India MK Maqbool Qutub Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India Yanglem Herojit Singh Krishi Vigyan Kendra, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya, India S Prabin Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thoubal, Manipur, India Oinam Washington Singh Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India Corresponding Author: Longjam Boris Singh Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Thoubal, Manipur, India Nanotechnology and its role in plant pathology Longjam Boris Singh, Dr. S Zeshmarani, Chuwang Hijam, MK Maqbool Qutub, Yanglem Herojit Singh, S Prabin and Oinam Washington Singh DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2023.v12.i12a.24452 Abstract Nanotechnology has application potential and prospects in plant pathology in many different aspects viz. direct application in foliage, seeds or soil for plant disease management along with accurate, reproducible, quantitative, reliable, specific, robust, and stable results. Extracellularly and intracellularly synthesis of NPs is carried out using microbes. Detection of plant pathogen plays an important role in successful management of many plant diseases, allowing the effective controlling of disease at various stages of disease development. By virtue of their small size, nanoparticles have exclusive chemical, photosensitive and electrical properties and offer improved surface-to-volume ratios. Nano particles finds application in regulation of pathogen concentration, its severity, rate of infection, and percentage of bacteria and fungi, viruses, actinomycetes and other pathogens. Nanoparticles causes induction of systemic resistance, reduction of cellular factors, inhibition of DNA replication, suppression of polymerase activity and lowering of infection rate. Emergence of nano particles has enormous concern in agriculture in relation to environment. Even though some of the nanoparticles have varied negative effect, which might lead to degradation of root membrane, remodeling agriculture and successful management of plant pathogens would not be possible without nanotechnology which directly reflects positively on the sustenance of food production and fulfil the increasing demands of food production in an efficient and cost-effective way. Moreover, nanotechnology plays important role in pathogen sensing and control and provides a remedy to the emerging agricultural challenges. Profound research studies, regarding the possible aspects of nanotechnology in plant pathology, is being carried out for exploring an economic, eco-friendly stabilized nanomaterials for effective management of plant diseases in the long run. Keywords: Nanotechnology, plant disease management, biosynthesis Introduction The need of fulfilling the challenge of feeding the ever increasing population has instigated the need for a push in the global food production. However, a disturbance of the food production is instigated by the climate change (Elmer and White, 2018) [22] . The assured promise of food to everyone by the first green revolution has compelled the need for a second green revolution since agriculture is now experiencing a plateau (Singh, 2012) [94] . Hence agriculturist faced a daunting challenge. Globally, agriculture is facing a serious challenge due to biotic and abiotic stresses causing crop losses (Malandrakis et al., 2019) [59] . Efficient management of pests and diseases is carried out using the conventional agricultural techniques. However, changes in the soil water composition, along with the reduction in absorption rate of nutrients, organic matter content, soil texture and pH accompanied with the damage of leaf residue, target beneficial organism and pollinator species is often associated with the poor active ingredient delivery system drastically. Thus, the continuous reliance on synthetic agrochemicals for plant disease management is being questioned (Kumar et al., 2021a) [54] . The novel mode of action of nanoparticles such as slow and controlled release of active ingredient and multi-site mode of action along with alleviation of effectivenss in lower has significantly reduced the resistance of the pathogens along with the reduction in costs (Malandrakis et al., 2019; Kumar et al., 2021a) [59, 54] . Thus nanoparticles such as copper, zinc titanium, magnesium, gold, alginate, silver have to play a potent role in the effective management of various bacteria, viruses an deukaryotic microorganisms in agriculture. History of nanotechnology The investigation on gold colloids by Michael Faraday in 1831 paved the way for the study on nanoparticles.