Research Article Electrochemical Performance of Spongy Snowballs of O 3 - NaFeO 2 @SnO: Cathodes for Sodium Ion Batteries J. Richards Joshua , 1 V. Sharmila, 1 A. Viji, 2 Mir Waqas Alam , 3 Amal BaQais , 4 Shanavas Shajahan, 5,6 Mohammad Abu Haija, 5,7 and Roberto Acevedo 8 1 PG and Research Department of Physics, Chikkaiah Naicker College, Erode, India 2 Department of Physics, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology Thottiyam, Tamil Nadu 621215, India 3 Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia 4 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia 5 Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE 6 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, India 7 Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE 8 Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile Correspondence should be addressed to J. Richards Joshua; richardsjoshua94@gmail.com and Mir Waqas Alam; wmir@kfu.edu.sa Received 10 March 2023; Revised 31 March 2023; Accepted 11 April 2023; Published 25 April 2023 Academic Editor: Vinayak Parale Copyright © 2023 J. Richards Joshua et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Electrode materials for large-scale applications from the earth-abundant material need to be developed in the energy storage system. Based on earth-abundant material, sodium-based batteries with Fe system-based positive electrodes seem attractive for a cost-effective system for large-scale storage applications. Instead of partial substitution of transition metals with Fe, in the present work, we choose surface coating to analyze the electrochemical performance of NaFeO 2 . SnO was coated on the NaFeO 2 surface, and the electrochemical characteristic property is studied in detail. Spongy nanoball coating is confirmed on the surface of NaFeO 2 . The reversible capacity of SnO-coated NaFeO 2 is about 158 mAh·g -1 at 0.25 C. The SnO coating greatly enhances electron transport during cycling, and 80% of capacity is retained after 1000 cycles. The enhanced electrode can be used as a cost-effective, eco-friendly natured electrode with high performance for large-scale energy storage applications. 1. Introduction The demand for large-scale batteries is currently increasing quickly, particularly for load levelling on electrical grids [1]. To address these concerns, large-scale batteries might be utilized to store electricity generated by solar cells and wind turbines, which are both used in the development of sustain- able energy supplies. The cost and abundance of materials on the earth’s crust are the most important factors in design- ing electrode materials for large-scale batteries. The chemical elements which are composed of the electrode material should not be “rare” on the natural resources. As a result, the use of lithium will be limited to portable and mobile applications because the abundance of lithium in the earth’s crust is esti- mated to be approximately 20ppm, and it is also unevenly distributed, primarily in South America [1, 2]. Sodium ion-based materials were investigated in the early 1980s for energy storage systems based on an aprotic electro- lyte system [3–5]. Sodium has a considerable advantage over lithium in terms of material abundance, but the energy density is not attractive when compared to lithium in terms of battery voltage and atomic weight. Because of the energy density, studies of sodium insertion materials for battery applications have almost completely vanished over the last three decades. The research interest in sodium insertion materials has been totally renewed as a result of the current conditions, which Hindawi International Journal of Energy Research Volume 2023, Article ID 6616567, 16 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6616567