D Desecuritization of the Relationship Between Turkey and Other Islamic Countries in the Middle East Fikret Birdişli 1 and Ahmet Karadağ 2 1 Department of International Relation, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey 2 Department of International Relation, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey Introduction Ottoman Empire has been a kind of “security community” by covering most Islamic countries in Middle East region for a long time. So it can be said that Ottoman Empire has achieved Karl W. Deutsch’ s economic-orientated “security com- munity” model in the context of political scene in their age. Approximately 49 states emerged from Otto- man Empire ruins, and they have been mostly colonized by the Western countries after the World War I. But they have gained their indepen- dence after the Second World War. Nevertheless, after the independence, bilateral and multilateral relationship has been low level with both each other and especially Turkey which is the successor of Ottoman Empire. There are many reasons, but most salient ones is that Turkey has turned his face to the West and refrained from developing close relationship with the other Islamic countries in sake of Westernization. Interregional relationship also was low level between Middle Eastern countries because of the post-colonial problems such as border conflict, clash of interest, ethnic and sectarian problems. So each country securitized it’ s foreign relation and policy in the region. Therefore, the Middle East region became one of the most insecure and unstable places of the today’ s world because of threat perceptions. So this paper focused on the question on how to deal with security problems of the Middle East region. The main assumption of this paper is that inter- national security problems must taken hand with its their regional character and solved by inter- dynamic. So this research has been built on the regional security complex theory (RSCT) via con- structivist approaches. An exclusive offer of this research is that there must be regional cooperation in the Middle East. And Turkey’ s new direction of foreign policy would be good model for desecuritization of the multilateral relationship in Middle Eastern coun- tries. Turkey is a very special country because of its historical and specific gravity on the region. Besides Turkey is only democratic and secular, moderate Muslim country with its conservative social character. Another crucial problem is the radical move- ments in the Middle East. It became not only a regional but a global problem. Duality and lack of religious authority in Islam has caused chaos and # Springer International Publishing AG 2016 A. Farazmand (ed.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2805-1