ISSN 2712-0554
Heritage and Sustainable Development Original Research
Vol. 5, No. 2, September 2023, pp.213-228
https://doi.org/10.37868/hsd.v5i2.163
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213
Review of high temperature materials
Fehim Findik
1,2,*
1
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Sakarya Applied Sciences University, Sakarya, Turkey
2
BIOENAMS R & D Group, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
*
Corresponding author E-mail: findik@subu.edu.tr
Received Oct. 3, 2021
Revised Jan. 29, 2021
Accepted Feb. 16, 2021
Abstract
High-temperature materials play a significant role in sustainable engineering across
various industries and applications. Sustainable engineering aims to design,
develop, and implement solutions that minimize environmental impact, enhance
resource efficiency, and promote long-term sustainability. The availability of
substances that can be used efficiently at high temperatures allows pushing the
limits of possible measurable demands. These substances include ceramics,
polymers and metals. It is used in elevated temperature materials, aircraft and space
structures, and space exploration. In this study, high temperature metals are
classified including superalloys, platinum and refractory metals, refractory metals
such as W, Nb, Mo, Ta. Also, ceramic materials are high temperature materials.
Ceramics are criticized to use in elevated temperature due to their high hardness,
extraordinary strength in compression, excellent thermal stability, short-term
thermal extension and tremendously great melting temperature. Ceramics that
encounter these standards are carbides and borides of Zr, Nb, Ta, Ti and Hf. In
addition, steel, nickel and copper alloys used in aircraft engines, space shuttles and
turbine blades from aerospace materials were investigated. In addition, powder
metallurgy and sintering techniques, which are the most widely used production
methods of high temperature materials, are emphasized. In this study, important
characterization techniques for analyzing some sample surface and subsurface
properties are reviewed. Again, in this study, the use of AES, XPS, SSIMS and
LEED methods for the chemical examination of surfaces is discussed. Optical,
electron, and scanning probe microscopy is used for pictorial inspection of
inspection specimens and structures, obtaining data on surface, shape, colors, and
numerous additional physical properties. Here, AFM, SEM, TEM, EDX, FIB and
EMP methods are discussed. Among the material analysis devices, XRD, x-ray
fluorescence spectrometry, low energy electron diffraction, neutron diffraction and
electron microprobe devices were examined.
© The Author 2023.
Published by ARDA.
Keywords: High temperature material, Sustainable engineering, Applications,
Characterization
1. Introduction
From the moment people started to work with fire and heat, they utilized substances that can withstand high
temperatures. Primarily, primitive peoples utilized rocks they collected from their neighborhoods. Nowadays,
the assortment of high-temperature materials has been expanded to include metal alloys such as superalloys,
stainless steels, titanium alloys, and refractory metals. Uses of elevated-temperature substances comprise
airplane jet engines, nuclear reactors, gas turbines, furnaces, and lighting expedients.
For use at high temperatures, both the type of material and heat treatment [1] and coating [2] are important
factors. In a previous study, the effect of heat treatment in an oxygen-containing environment on the fatigue