Response
Defending the thesis on the
‘hunter’s double bind’
Rane Willerslev Aarhus University
Piers Vitebsky University of Cambridge
Anatoly Alekseyev M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk
Tim Ingold’s () commentary on – or perhaps it would be more apt to call it a
reinterpretation of – our analysis (Willerslev, Vitebsky & Aleskseyev ) is as insight-
ful and intriguing as was his original article ‘Hunting, sacrifice and the domestication
of animals’ (Ingold ). We thank him for the initial stimulus that his earlier article
gave to our thinking and for his generous and thoughtful engagement with the present
article. At the core of Ingold’s comment is his proposition that the transition from
hunting to herding, and with it the origins of domestication and sacrifice, is perhaps
better understood by applying Eduardo Viveiros de Castro’s perspectival ontology:
Who sees what and from where (Holbraad & Willerslev ). Taking this relative or,
more precisely, deictic perspectival approach, Ingold argues that our suggestion about
the hunter’s ‘double bind’ as the driving impetus behind the transition from hunting to
herding is exposed as ‘generating a string of ingenious yet wholly illusory paradoxes’
(Ingold : ). This is so because the perspectival world of hunters, animals, and
masters is one of perfectly inverted symmetry:
[I]t is not the hunter but the master of the animals who is sacrificing one of ‘his’ herd ... [The hunter]
is a ‘bit-part’ player in the process, whose task is absolutely not to sacrifice the animals but to perform
the immolation on the master’s behalf, receiving the meat in return for services rendered (Ingold :
, original emphasis).
Ingold’s argument is essentially a reinforcement of his original model, according
to which hunters, animals, and the spirits play complementary roles in a perfect
balanced system of continuous killings and rebirths. The trouble is that, in proposing
this picture-perfect model of cosmology, Ingold slides into some speculations which
Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) , -
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