25
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1439 © 2012 Materials Research Society
DOI: 10.1557/opl.2012.941
Effect of Doping on Nanowire Morphology during Plasma-assisted Chemical Vapor
Deposition
Andrew J. Lohn
1,2
, Kate J. Norris
1,2
, Robert D. Cormia
3
, Elane Coleman
4
, Gary S. Tompa
4
and
Nobuhiko P. Kobayashi
1,2
1
Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 94040,
USA
2
Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR) of Advanced Studies
Laboratories (ASL), University of California Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center,
Moffett Field CA, 94035, USA
3
Foothill College, Los Altos Hills CA, 94022, USA
4
Structured Materials Industries Inc, Piscataway NJ, 08854, USA
ABSTRACT
Morphologies of silicon nanowires grown by plasma-assisted metalorganic chemical
vapor deposition were studied in the presence of various dopant precursors. The varied
precursors affected the axial and radial growth rates over orders of magnitude where
triethylborane showed the strongest enhancements for both axial and radial growth, and
triethylarsenic and triethylantimony retarded axial growth. Native oxide thickness is also shown
to depend strongly on doping condition resulting in increased oxide thicknesses for increased
carrier concentration, using shifts in the measured binding energy of the silicon 2p3/2 state as a
proxy for carrier concentration.
INTRODUCTION
Materials systems based on semiconducting nanowires show exceptional promise in a
wide range of potential applications including thermoelectrics
1,2
, photovoltaics
3
and sensors
4
.
This promise derives from a number of materials properties that are altered in a semiconductor
with the geometry of a nanowire. Among the altered properties are increased strain relaxation
5
,
increased phonon scattering
6
, altered density of states
7
, quantized conductance
8
, and increased
surface to volume ratio
9
. All of the above properties and the competitive advantages derived
from them are inherently related to the morphology and size of the nanowire, control of which
during growth is still not entirely understood, particularly in the complex chemical environments
during doping. In this study we investigate the effect of varied dopants on geometrical properties
of silicon nanowires, particularly diameter, growth rates and native oxide formation when using
a remote plasma method, which is technologically important for its potential to increase growth
rates while reducing the damage one would expect for growths occurring within the plasma.
EXPERIMENT