174 THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY VOL. 42 TABLE I Analyses of Lipid Extracts Fraction No. 1 ...................................... 2 ...................................... 3 ...................................... 5 ..................................... 6 ........................................ Whole oil b ........................ % Oil of total - ~ - 14.0 13.9 1¢.7 18.2 14.7 % Phos- phatides Px25 0.05 0.52 0.45 0.50 0.59 0,41 (0.36) I.V. (~,Vijs) 110.0 107.8 107.5 107.7 107.2 109.0 (lO8.a) I.V. (GLC) 112,3 111.5 109.0 109.3 109.0 108.9 111,1 (1]0.2) Fatty acid composition, % Myristic PMmitie Poa~i~t, Stearie Oleie I Linoleic Malvalie" ~ .......... 1.-77-- ~0.0---~6-- ~ o.ao 1.~ I 23.0 *.* 2.3 15.9 55.6 0.37 ~.~ I 24.3 5.0 2.1 15.7 54.2 9.54 1.8 24.8 I 1 2 1.9 15.1 54 5 / 0.82 1.2 ] 24.2 0.4 2.6 16.8 53J9 0.97 0.9 t 23.4 ] 0.9 I 3.1 { 17.6 1 53.1 t 1.06 1.2 23.3 1.0 2.3 I 16.5 / 55,0 ] 0.64 (1.3) I (23.9) ] (0.9) I (2.3) I (16.2) / (54.7) I (0,66) a Determined by HBr titration. b Values in parenthesis are weighted averages calculated from the individual fractions. sary. The results also have morphological significance in that they indicate that the cyelopropenoid constitu- ents are coned in specific areas of the seed which are not readily accessible to solvent. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I.V. and malvMic acid determinations by J. A. Harris; phosphorus analyses by P. F. Pittman. REFERENCES I. Bailey, A. V., F. C. Magne, R. A. Pittman and E. L. Skau, JAOCS 38, 505 (1961). 2. ttarris, J. A,, F. C. 1Viagne and E. L. Skau, Ibid. 41, 309 (1964). 3. Ports, W. A., Jr., M. F. Stansbury and C. L. ttoffpauir, J. Assoc. Offlc. Agr. Chemists 86, 492 (1953). 4. Arnold, L. K, and B. R. Choudhury, JAOCS 88, 87 (1961). 5. Bull, W, C., and T. H. Hopper, Oil Soap 18, 219 (1941). [Received September 15, 1964--Accepted December 1, 1964] The Effect of Temperature upon Foam Fractionation R. B. GR'IEVES and D. BHATTACHARYYA, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois Abstract An experimental investigation is presented of the effect of temp on the foam fractionation of the ethylbexadeeyldimethylammonium bromide-water system. Two feed conch, two foam heights, and a temp range of 14-54C are included. For each fixed set of values of feed concn and of foam height, the greater and lesser coefficients of frae- tionation are both increasing functions of temp. The effect of a variation in temp on the greater coeffÉcient is more pronounced for more dilute feed solutions, and at greater foam heights. The effect of a temp change on the lesser coefficient is more pronounced for more coned feed solutions and is not related to foam height. At any fixed temp, an increase in feed conen at constant foam height generally decreases the greater coefficient and de- creases the lesser coefficient. An increase in foam height at constant feed eonen increases both co- efficients. The greater and lesser coefficients may be related to temp by power equations with 5% accuracy. The above results may be explained qualitatively on the basis of the response of foam stability and drainage to temp. Introduction F OAM FRACTIONATION has been utilized by chemists, biochemists and engineers for the separation of organic and inorganic materials from dilute aqueous solutions. Applications of the process include the separation of enzymes, the transfer of organic solutes which by themselves have little foaming ability, the removal of radioactive metal ions from waste streams and the treatment of secondary sewage effluents for the separation of non-biodegradable organics. Several ex- tensive reviews of the process have appeared in the literature (1,11,12). Recently, a number of studies have been made on the operating and system variables affecting the process. Grieves et el. have determined the influence of foam height and foam column diam (7), the influence of surfaetant, feed conch, air rate and feed rate (5,6,8), the effect of liquid solution height (7,8) and the effect of feed position (5,8) upon the continuous foam fractionation of anionic and cationic surfactants. Other studies of this nature have been conducted by Kevorkian (9), by Kishimoto (10) and by Brunner and Lemlich (2). The information available on the influence of temp on the process is very limited. Grieves and Wood (8) studied variations with temp of the continuous foam fraetionation of ethylhexadeeyldiine*hylammonium bromide solutions, but their temp range was limited to 24-38C. Kishimoto (10) reported the effect of temp upon the batch foaming of sodium lauryl sulfate solu- tions, but his temp range was limited to 10-22C. Biker- man (1) has reviewed a number of investigations con- cerned with the relation between foam stability and temp; however, none of these studies were concerned with foam fractionation. The overall objective of this investigation is the establishment of the influence of temp upon the greater and lesser coefficients of frae- tionation for the ethylhexadeeytdimethylammonium bromide-water (EHDA-Br) system. Two feed eonen, two foam heights and a broad range of temp are in- eluded in the experiments. Experimental All of the experiments were conducted in a 10-era diam, 105 cm high, cylindrical colmnn, made of lucite. High-purity nitrogen was saturated with water, metered with a calibrated rotameter, and passed through twin, 50 g, fritted-glass diffusers. In each experiment, 2000 ml of the feed solution of EHDA-Br in distilled water were placed in the column. Nitrogen bubbles were dispersed through the solution for a period of 15 rain with continuous foam removal at a port located at a selected height above the feed solu- tion level. Feed cohen of 87.5 rag/liter (2.31 x 10 _4 M) and 125 rag/liter (3.30 x 10 4 M) were employed, with a nitrogen rate of 4950 ml/min (at Standard Tempera- ture and Pressure) used with the 87.5 mg/liter solu- tions and of 3700 ml/min (STP) used with the 125 mg/liter solutions. Foam was removed at heights of 15.2 cm and of 77.8 cm above the average bulk solution level during the experiments. The temp of the solu- tion and of the foam at the point of foam removal were measured to the nearest 0.5C throughout each run, and an average operating temp was computed. At the termination of each experiment the residual solution volume was measured and the concn of EHDA-Br