Haematology International Journal ISSN: 2578-501X MEDWIN PUBLISHERS Commited to Create Value for Researchers The Impact of HIV Infection on Eosinophil Levels during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review Haematol Int J The Impact of HIV Infection on Eosinophil Levels during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu 1 * and Getrude Uzoma Obeagu 2 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda 2 School of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda *Corresponding author: Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda, Tel: +2348037369912; Email: emmanuelobeagu@yahoo.com; obeagu.emmanuel@kiu.ac.ug Review Article Volume 8 Issue 1 Received Date: January 25, 2024 Published Date: February 09, 2024 DOI: 10.23880/hij-16000229 Abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection poses unique challenges during pregnancy, affecting maternal health and potentially impacting the developing fetus. This systematic review explores the intricate relationship between HIV and eosinophils, a critical component of the immune system, during pregnancy. As HIV induces immunosuppression, understanding its specific effects on eosinophil levels is crucial for predicting maternal health outcomes and vertical transmission risks. The review also delves into the potential influence of antiretroviral therapy on modulating eosinophil function. By synthesizing existing literature, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between HIV infection, eosinophils, and pregnancy, offering insights for future research directions and potential therapeutic interventions. Keywords: HIV Infection; Eosinophils; Pregnancy; Immunosuppression; Maternal Health; Vertical Transmission; Antiretroviral Therapy; Chemokines Abbreviations: HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; ART: Antiretroviral Therapy; CD4+: Clusters of Differentiation-4. Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection continues to be a global public health concern, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Among the diverse population impacted by HIV, pregnant women represent a particularly vulnerable group, as the virus not only poses risks to maternal health but also raises concerns regarding vertical transmission to the developing fetus. An intricate web of interactions exists between HIV and various components of the immune system, including eosinophils, which play a pivotal role in immune defense mechanisms [1-9]. Pregnancy itself is a state of immune modulation, characterized by a delicate balance between tolerance to the developing fetus and defense against potential pathogens [10-14]. Eosinophils, traditionally recognized for their role in parasitic infections and allergic responses, have emerged as key contributors to this delicate equilibrium during pregnancy. Their involvement in tissue repair, infection control, and immune regulation makes understanding their behavior in the context of HIV-infected pregnancies crucial for unraveling the complexities of maternal-fetal immune dynamics [15-24]. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively examine the impact of HIV infection on eosinophil levels during pregnancy. We aim to synthesize current knowledge on the subject, exploring how HIV-induced immunosuppression