Fax +41 61 306 12 34 E-Mail karger@karger.ch www.karger.com Original Paper Urol Int 2008;81:271–274 DOI: 10.1159/000151402 Role of Sexual Intercourse in Hematuria and Proteinuria in Males and Females Seyed Reza Hosseini Mohammad Ghasem Mohseni Davood Atharikia Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran gender-dependent, and temporally related to the timing of the testing and sexual activity. Testing the urine in the morn- ing following intercourse may give false-positive protein re- sults in men, but there is no evidence of false-positive he- maturia in women unless the activity immediately precedes the testing. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel Introduction Sexual intercourse has been associated with hematu- ria in men [1] and up to a quarter of women [2]. Also, it has been shown that sexual intercourse was a cause of proteinuria immediately after sexual intercourse in the urine samples of 4 healthy men [1] which can last up to 12 h in men, according to a small prospective study at the Israel Naval Medical Institute [3] . To our knowledge, there is no study comparing the role of sexual intercourse in hematuria and proteinuria simultaneously in both sexes. We conducted the present study to determine whether sexual intercourse causes immediate hematuria and/or proteinuria and false-positive results in either sex, and, if so, to establish its presence in morning urinalysis. Key Words Hematuria  Proteinuria  Sexual intercourse Abstract Objective: A probable association has been proposed be- tween sexual intercourse and hematuria and proteinuria in either sex. The present study was to assess the role of sexu- al intercourse in hematuria and proteinuria in immediate dipstick urine test and morning urine sample analysis and whether sexual intercourse might be a cause of microscop- ic hematuria and proteinuria. Material and Methods: Forty- two healthy married adult volunteers (27 male and 15 fe- male; age range 20–48) were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. Immediately after sexual intercourse urine sam- ples were analyzed regarding hematuria and proteinuria with a dipstick, and the next morning samples for standard urinalysis. For categorical data analysis Fisher’s exact test was utilized. p ! 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Proteinuria immediately after intercourse was significantly higher in males (88.9 vs. 13.3%, p ! 0.001) but females showed significant higher hematuria (73.3 vs. 22.2%). None of the women developed hematuria and/or proteinuria in morning after urinalysis samples but males indicated sig- nificant proteinuria (33.3 vs. 0%, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Pro- teinuria and hematuria following sexual intercourse are Received: May 24, 2007 Accepted: July 25, 2007 Internationalis Urologia Seyed Reza Hosseini, MD Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, University of Tehran Sina Hospital, Hassan Abad Square, Hafez Street Tehran 113674911 (Iran) Tel. +98 21 667 01041, Fax +98 21 667 37741, E-Mail rhosseinim@yahoo.com © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel 0042–1138/08/0813–0271$24.50/0 Accessible online at: www.karger.com/uin